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How can we effectively unlearn selected concepts from pre-trained generative foundation models without resorting to extensive retraining? This research introduces `continual unlearning', a novel paradigm that enables the targeted removal of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Kartik Thakral , Tamar Glaser , Tal Hassner , Mayank Vatsa , Richa Singh

Machine unlearning aims to remove the influence of specific training samples from a trained model without full retraining. While prior work has largely focused on privacy-motivated settings, we recast unlearning as a general-purpose tool…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-11 George R. Nahass , Zhu Wang , Homa Rashidisabet , Won Hwa Kim , Sasha Hubschman , Jeffrey C. Peterson , Chad A. Purnell , Pete Setabutr , Ann Q. Tran , Darvin Yi , Sathya N. Ravi

The LLM unlearning aims to eliminate the influence of undesirable data without affecting causally unrelated information. This process typically involves using a forget set to remove target information, alongside a retain set to maintain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Hang Chen , Jiaying Zhu , Xinyu Yang , Wenya Wang

Machine unlearning, the ability to erase the effect of specific training samples without retraining from scratch, is critical for privacy, regulation, and efficiency. However, most progress in unlearning has been empirical, with little…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Wei-Kai Chang , Rajiv Khanna

Humans excel at lifelong learning, as the brain has evolved to be robust to distribution shifts and noise in our ever-changing environment. Deep neural networks (DNNs), however, exhibit catastrophic forgetting and the learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Fahad Sarfraz , Elahe Arani , Bahram Zonooz

Continual learning (CL) involves acquiring and accumulating knowledge from evolving tasks while alleviating catastrophic forgetting. Recently, leveraging contrastive loss to construct more transferable and less forgetful representations has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Jia Tang , Xinrui Wang , Songcan Chen

Machine unlearning is a fundamental mechanism that enforces the right to be forgotten. Existing unlearning studies that rely on label manipulation or task-gradient reversal often deliver limited unlearning effectiveness. Moreover, they can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Weiqi Wang , Zhiyi Tian , Chenhan Zhang , Luoyu Chen , Shui Yu

We consider Representation Misdirection (RM), a class of large language model (LLM) unlearning methods that achieve forgetting by redirecting the forget-representations, that is, latent representations of forget-samples, toward a target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Tien Dang , The-Hai Nguyen , Dinh Mai Phuong , Nguyen Minh Phuong , Anh Bui , Hoang Thanh-Tung , Le-Minh Nguyen , Naoya Inoue

Forgetting is often seen as an unwanted characteristic in both human and machine learning. However, we propose that forgetting can in fact be favorable to learning. We introduce "forget-and-relearn" as a powerful paradigm for shaping the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Hattie Zhou , Ankit Vani , Hugo Larochelle , Aaron Courville

In this paper, we propose a continual learning (CL) technique that is beneficial to sequential task learners by improving their retained accuracy and reducing catastrophic forgetting. The principal target of our approach is the automatic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Ammar Shaker , Shujian Yu , Francesco Alesiani

Machine unlearning is essential for meeting legal obligations such as the right to be forgotten, which requires the removal of specific data from machine learning models upon request. While several approaches to unlearning have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Maximilian Egger , Rawad Bitar , Rüdiger Urbanke

Foundation models (FMs) such as CLIP have demonstrated impressive zero-shot performance across various tasks by leveraging large-scale, unsupervised pre-training. However, they often inherit harmful or unwanted knowledge from noisy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zeliang Zhang , Gaowen Liu , Charles Fleming , Ramana Rao Kompella , Chenliang Xu

The current trend in data regulation requirements and privacy-preserving machine learning has emphasized the importance of machine unlearning. The naive approach to unlearning training data by retraining over the complement of the forget…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Junaid Iqbal Khan

Machine Unlearning (MU) aims at removing the influence of specific data from a pretrained model while preserving performance on the remaining data. In this work, a novel perspective for MU is presented upon low-dimensional feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Kun Fang , Qinghua Tao , Junxu Liu , Yaxin Xiao , Qingqing Ye , Jian Sun , Haibo Hu

Recently, serious concerns have been raised about the privacy issues related to training datasets in machine learning algorithms when including personal data. Various regulations in different countries, including the GDPR grant individuals…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Hyunjune Kim , Sangyong Lee , Simon S. Woo

One of the biggest missing capabilities in current AI systems is the ability to learn continuously after deployment. Implementing such continually learning systems have several challenges, one of which is the large memory requirement of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Immanuel Abdi , Akshat Gupta , Micah Mok , Alexander Lu , Nicholas Lee , Gopala Anumanchipalli

Machine unlearning techniques aim to mitigate unintended memorization in large language models (LLMs). However, existing approaches predominantly focus on the explicit removal of isolated facts, often overlooking latent inferential…

The development of artificial intelligence demands that models incrementally update knowledge by Continual Learning (CL) to adapt to open-world environments. To meet privacy and security requirements, Continual Unlearning (CU) emerges as an…

The powerful generative capabilities of diffusion models have raised growing privacy and safety concerns regarding generating sensitive or undesired content. In response, machine unlearning (MU) -- commonly referred to as concept erasure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xinwen Cheng , Jingyuan Zhang , Zhehao Huang , Yingwen Wu , Xiaolin Huang

Machine unlearning aims to erase the impact of specific training samples upon deleted requests from a trained model. Re-training the model on the retained data after deletion is an effective but not efficient way due to the huge number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Sihao Yu , Fei Sun , Jiafeng Guo , Ruqing Zhang , Xueqi Cheng
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