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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive abilities in various domains while the inference cost is expensive. Many previous studies exploit quantization methods to reduce LLM inference cost by reducing latency and memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Jinhao Li , Jiaming Xu , Shiyao Li , Shan Huang , Jun Liu , Yaoxiu Lian , Guohao Dai

With the commercialization of large language models (LLMs), weight-activation quantization has emerged to compress and accelerate LLMs, achieving high throughput while reducing inference costs. However, existing post-training quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Jung Hyun Lee , Jeonghoon Kim , June Yong Yang , Se Jung Kwon , Eunho Yang , Kang Min Yoo , Dongsoo Lee

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has played a key role in compressing large language models (LLMs) with ultra-low costs. However, existing PTQ methods only focus on handling the outliers within one layer or one block, which ignores the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Xin Ding , Xiaoyu Liu , Zhijun Tu , Yun Zhang , Wei Li , Jie Hu , Hanting Chen , Yehui Tang , Zhiwei Xiong , Baoqun Yin , Yunhe Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the field of natural language processing, while the expensive memory and computation consumption impede their practical deployment. Quantization emerges as one of the most effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Hong Chen , Chengtao Lv , Liang Ding , Haotong Qin , Xiabin Zhou , Yifu Ding , Xuebo Liu , Min Zhang , Jinyang Guo , Xianglong Liu , Dacheng Tao

Quantizing weights and activations of deep neural networks is essential for deploying them in resource-constrained devices, or cloud platforms for at-scale services. While binarization is a special case of quantization, this extreme case…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Phuoc Pham , Jacob Abraham , Jaeyong Chung

Retrieval-augmented language models (RALMs) improve performance by accessing long-tail and up-to-date knowledge from external data stores, but are challenging to build. Existing approaches require either expensive retrieval-specific…

Recently, the prominent performance of large language models (LLMs) has been largely driven by multi-task instruct-tuning. Unfortunately, this training paradigm suffers from a key issue, named cross-task interference, due to conflicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Bing Wang , Ximing Li , Changchun Li , Jinjin Chi , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

This paper proposes ReBNet, an end-to-end framework for training reconfigurable binary neural networks on software and developing efficient accelerators for execution on FPGA. Binary neural networks offer an intriguing opportunity for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-29 Mohammad Ghasemzadeh , Mohammad Samragh , Farinaz Koushanfar

This paper explores network binarization, a radical form of quantization, compressing model weights to a single bit, specifically for Large Language Models (LLMs) compression. Due to previous binarization methods collapsing LLMs, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Yuzhang Shang , Zhihang Yuan , Qiang Wu , Zhen Dong

The upscaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) has yielded impressive advances in natural language processing, yet it also poses significant deployment challenges. Weight quantization has emerged as a widely embraced solution to reduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Dayou Du , Yijia Zhang , Shijie Cao , Jiaqi Guo , Ting Cao , Xiaowen Chu , Ningyi Xu

Despite the outstanding performance of transformers in both language and vision tasks, the expanding computation and model size have increased the demand for efficient deployment. To address the heavy computation and parameter drawbacks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xijie Huang , Zhiqiang Shen , Pingcheng Dong , Kwang-Ting Cheng

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is an effective method to drastically reduce the memory footprint of LLMs while keeping performance degradation at an acceptable level. However, the optimal choice of quantization format and bit-width…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Sohir Maskey , Constantin Eichenberg , Johannes Messner , Douglas Orr

Quantization-aware training (QAT) has achieved remarkable success in low-bit ($\leq$4-bit) quantization for classification networks. However, when applied to more complex visual tasks such as object detection and image segmentation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Zhaoyang Wang , Dong Wang

Visually impaired users face significant challenges in daily information access and real-time environmental perception, and there is an urgent need for intelligent assistive systems with accurate recognition capabilities. Although…

Retrieval-Augmented Language Models (RALMs) have demonstrated significant potential in knowledge-intensive tasks; however, they remain vulnerable to performance degradation when presented with irrelevant or noisy retrieved contexts.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Jaemin Kim , Jae O Lee , Sumyeong Ahn , Seo Yeon Park

Post-training quantization (PTQ) of large language models (LLMs) to extremely low bit-widths remains challenging due to the fundamental trade-off between computational efficiency and representational capacity. While existing ultra-low-bit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 He Xiao , Runming Yang , Qingyao Yang , Wendong Xu , Zhen Li , Yupeng Su , Zhengwu Liu , Hongxia Yang , Ngai Wong

Existing neural networks are memory-consuming and computationally intensive, making deploying them challenging in resource-constrained environments. However, there are various methods to improve their efficiency. Two such methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Anastasiia Prutianova , Alexey Zaytsev , Chung-Kuei Lee , Fengyu Sun , Ivan Koryakovskiy

Large language models (LLMs) have driven major progress in NLP, yet their substantial memory and compute demands still hinder practical deployment. Binarization can compress weights to 1 bit, fundamentally lowering compute and bandwidth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Zhixiong Zhao , Zukang Xu , Dawei Yang

We report on aggressive quantization strategies that greatly accelerate inference of Recurrent Neural Network Transducers (RNN-T). We use a 4 bit integer representation for both weights and activations and apply Quantization Aware Training…

Binary analysis plays a pivotal role in security domains such as malware detection and vulnerability discovery, yet it remains labor-intensive and heavily reliant on expert knowledge. General-purpose large language models (LLMs) perform…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Guoqiang Chen , Huiqi Sun , Daguang Liu , Zhiqi Wang , Qiang Wang , Bin Yin , Lu Liu , Lingyun Ying