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To be prepared against cyberattacks, most organizations resort to security information and event management systems to monitor their infrastructures. These systems depend on the timeliness and relevance of the latest updates, patches and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-03 Nuno Dionísio , Fernando Alves , Pedro M. Ferreira , Alysson Bessani

Recently, coordinated attack campaigns started to become more widespread on the Internet. In May 2017, WannaCry infected more than 300,000 machines in 150 countries in a few days and had a large impact on critical infrastructure. Existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Talha Ongun , Simona Boboila , Alina Oprea , Tina Eliassi-Rad , Alastair Nottingham , Jason Hiser , Jack Davidson

Large Language Model (LLM) agents can automate cybersecurity tasks and can adapt to the evolving cybersecurity landscape without re-engineering. While LLM agents have demonstrated cybersecurity capabilities on Capture-The-Flag (CTF)…

[Context] Researchers analyze underground forums to study abuse and cybercrime activities. Due to the size of the forums and the domain expertise required to identify criminal discussions, most approaches employ supervised machine learning…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Giorgio Di Tizio , Gilberto Atondo Siu , Alice Hutchings , Fabio Massacci

Synthetic network data generators (SynNetGens) are increasingly used to share realistic traffic traces without exposing sensitive raw data. While substantial effort has gone into improving fidelity, privacy is either assumed to be a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Minhao Jin , Hongyu Hè , Maria Apostolaki

Recently, counting the number of people for crowd scenes is a hot topic because of its widespread applications (e.g. video surveillance, public security). It is a difficult task in the wild: changeable environment, large-range number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Qi Wang , Junyu Gao , Wei Lin , Yuan Yuan

Many ground-breaking advancements in machine learning can be attributed to the availability of a large volume of rich data. Unfortunately, many large-scale datasets are highly sensitive, such as healthcare data, and are not widely available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 James Jordon , Alan Wilson , Mihaela van der Schaar

Breaking cybersecurity events are shared across a range of websites, including security blogs (FireEye, Kaspersky, etc.), in addition to social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter. In this paper, we investigate methods to analyze…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-06 Shi Zong , Alan Ritter , Graham Mueller , Evan Wright

Synthetic data is increasingly used to support research without exposing sensitive user content. Social media data is one of the types of datasets that would hugely benefit from representative synthetic equivalents that can be used to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Henry Tari , Adriana Iamnitchi

Cyber threats are constantly evolving. Extracting actionable insights from unstructured Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) data is essential to guide cybersecurity decisions. Increasingly, organizations like Microsoft, Trend Micro, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Romy Fieblinger , Md Tanvirul Alam , Nidhi Rastogi

Automated detection of cyber attacks is a critical capability to counteract the growing volume and sophistication of cyber attacks. However, the high numbers of security alerts issued by intrusion detection systems lead to alert fatigue…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Lukas Karner , Max Landauer , Markus Wurzenberger , Florian Skopik

We introduce Synthetic Alignment data Generation for Safety Evaluation and Red Teaming (SAGE-RT or SAGE) a novel pipeline for generating synthetic alignment and red-teaming data. Existing methods fall short in creating nuanced and diverse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Anurakt Kumar , Divyanshu Kumar , Jatan Loya , Nitin Aravind Birur , Tanay Baswa , Sahil Agarwal , Prashanth Harshangi

This article documents the HashKitty platform, a distributed solution for password analysis based on the hashcat tool, designed to improve efficiency in both offensive and defensive security operations. The main objectives of this work are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Pedro Antunes , Tomás Santos , Daniel Fuentes , Luís Frazão

Despite their demonstrated valuable capabilities, state-of-the-art (SOTA) widely deployed large language models (LLMs) still have the potential to cause harm to society due to the ineffectiveness of their safety filters, which can be…

Large Language Model (LLM) systems are inherently compositional, with individual LLM serving as the core foundation with additional layers of objects such as plugins, sandbox, and so on. Along with the great potential, there are also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Fangzhou Wu , Ning Zhang , Somesh Jha , Patrick McDaniel , Chaowei Xiao

Large language models (LLMs) are vital for a wide range of applications yet remain susceptible to jailbreak threats, which could lead to the generation of inappropriate responses. Conventional defenses, such as refusal and adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Xianglin Yang , Gelei Deng , Jieming Shi , Tianwei Zhang , Jin Song Dong

In the ever-evolving realm of cybersecurity, the rise of generative AI models like ChatGPT, FraudGPT, and WormGPT has introduced both innovative solutions and unprecedented challenges. This research delves into the multifaceted applications…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Polra Victor Falade

Query recommendations in search engines is a double edged sword, with undeniable benefits but potential of harm. Identifying unsafe queries is necessary to protect users from inappropriate query suggestions. However, identifying these is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Abhijit Mahabal , Yinrui Li , Rajat Raina , Daniel Sun , Revati Mahajan , Jure Leskovec

Nowadays, almost all electronic devices include a communication interface that allows to interact with them, exchange data, or operate their services remotely. The trend toward increased interconnectivity simultaneously increases the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Korbinian Christl , Thorsten Tarrach

In concurrent data structures, the efficiency of set operations can vary significantly depending on the workload characteristics. Numerous concurrent set implementations are optimized and fine-tuned to excel in scenarios characterized by…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Daniel Manor , Mor Perry , Moshe Sulamy