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New technologies in generative AI can enable deeper analysis into our nation's supply chains but truly informative insights require the continual updating and aggregation of massive data in a timely manner. Large Language Models (LLMs)…

We propose a new method to measure the task-specific accuracy of Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models (RAG). Evaluation is performed by scoring the RAG on an automatically-generated synthetic exam composed of multiple choice questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Gauthier Guinet , Behrooz Omidvar-Tehrani , Anoop Deoras , Laurent Callot

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved automated code generation. While existing approaches have achieved strong performance at the function and file levels, real-world software engineering requires…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yicheng Tao , Yuante Li , Yao Qin , Yepang Liu

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a common method for integrating external knowledge into pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance accuracy and relevancy in question answering (QA) tasks. However, prompt engineering and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Isaac Chung , Phat Vo , Arman C. Kizilkale , Aaron Reite

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) has become the standard in long context question answering (QA) systems. However, typical implementations of RAG rely on a rather naive retrieval mechanism, in which texts whose embeddings are most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Keyush Shah , Abhishek Goyal , Isaac Wasserman

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and Gemini has shown their powerful natural language generation capabilities. However, these models can inadvertently learn and retain sensitive information and harmful content…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shang Wang , Tianqing Zhu , Dayong Ye , Wanlei Zhou

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly improved complex reasoning capabilities. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has further extended these capabilities by grounding generation in dynamically retrieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Jash Rajesh Parekh , Pengcheng Jiang , Jiawei Han

This study develops a question-answering system based on Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) using Chinese Wikipedia and Lawbank as retrieval sources. Using TTQA and TMMLU+ as evaluation datasets, the system employs BGE-M3 for dense vector…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Te-Lun Yang , Jyi-Shane Liu , Yuen-Hsien Tseng , Jyh-Shing Roger Jang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a key approach to mitigating the temporal staleness of large language models (LLMs) by grounding responses in up-to-date evidence. Within the RAG pipeline, re-rankers play a pivotal role in selecting…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Sohyun An , Hayeon Lee , Shuibenyang Yuan , Chun-cheng Jason Chen , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Vijai Mohan , Alexander Min

As retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) becomes more widespread, the role of retrieval is shifting from retrieving information for human browsing to retrieving context for AI reasoning. This shift creates more complex search environments,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Jiawei Zhou , Lei Chen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating up-to-date external knowledge, yet real-world web environments present unique challenges. These limitations manifest as two key challenges: pervasive…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yuqin Dai , Shuo Yang , Guoqing Wang , Yong Deng , Zhanwei Zhang , Jun Yin , Pengyu Zeng , Zhenzhe Ying , Changhua Meng , Can Yi , Yuchen Zhou , Weiqiang Wang , Shuai Lu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge sources, enabling more accurate and contextually relevant responses tailored to user needs. However, existing RAG systems…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Zirui Guo , Lianghao Xia , Yanhua Yu , Tu Ao , Chao Huang

This paper presents a new algorithm, Evolutionary eXploration of Augmenting Memory Models (EXAMM), which is capable of evolving recurrent neural networks (RNNs) using a wide variety of memory structures, such as Delta-RNN, GRU, LSTM, MGU…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Alexander Ororbia , Ahmed Ahmed Elsaid , Travis Desell

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) aims to generate more reliable and accurate responses, by augmenting large language models (LLMs) with the external vast and dynamic knowledge. Most previous work focuses on using RAG for single-round…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Linhao Ye , Zhikai Lei , Jianghao Yin , Qin Chen , Jie Zhou , Liang He

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a well-established and rapidly evolving field within AI that enhances the outputs of large language models by integrating relevant information retrieved from external knowledge sources. While industry…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Lorenz Brehme , Benedikt Dornauer , Thomas Ströhle , Maximilian Ehrhart , Ruth Breu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become the standard paradigm for grounding Large Language Model outputs in external knowledge. Lumer et al. [1] presented the first systematic evaluation comparing vector-based agentic RAG against…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Afshan Hashmi

Data efficiency of learning, which plays a key role in the Reinforcement Learning (RL) training process, becomes even more important in continual RL with sequential environments. In continual RL, the learner interacts with non-stationary,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Sihao Wu , Xingyu Zhao , Xiaowei Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong empirical performance in various fields, benefiting from their huge amount of parameters that store knowledge. However, LLMs still suffer from several key issues, such as hallucination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Shangyu Wu , Ying Xiong , Yufei Cui , Haolun Wu , Can Chen , Ye Yuan , Lianming Huang , Xue Liu , Tei-Wei Kuo , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue

Large Language Models (LLMs) showcase remarkable abilities, yet they struggle with limitations such as hallucinations, outdated knowledge, opacity, and inexplicable reasoning. To address these challenges, Retrieval-Augmented Generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Sourav Verma

Retrieval-augmented Generation (RAG) extends large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge but faces key challenges: restricted effective context length and redundancy in retrieved documents. Pure compression-based approaches reduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Yiqiao Jin , Kartik Sharma , Vineeth Rakesh , Yingtong Dou , Menghai Pan , Mahashweta Das , Srijan Kumar
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