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Large language models (LLMs) show increasing potential in education, yet benchmarks for non-English languages in specialized domains remain scarce. We introduce MedBench-IT, the first comprehensive benchmark for evaluating LLMs on Italian…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Ruggero Marino Lazzaroni , Alessandro Angioi , Michelangelo Puliga , Davide Sanna , Roberto Marras

We introduce GreekBarBench, a benchmark that evaluates LLMs on legal questions across five different legal areas from the Greek Bar exams, requiring citations to statutory articles and case facts. To tackle the challenges of free-text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Odysseas S. Chlapanis , Dimitrios Galanis , Nikolaos Aletras , Ion Androutsopoulos

Recent advances in Code Large Language Models (CodeLLMs) have primarily focused on open-ended code generation, often overlooking the crucial aspect of code understanding and reasoning. To bridge this gap, we introduce CodeMMLU, a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Dung Nguyen Manh , Thang Phan Chau , Nam Le Hai , Thong T. Doan , Nam V. Nguyen , Quang Pham , Nghi D. Q. Bui

Despite the existence of various benchmarks for evaluating natural language processing models, we argue that human exams are a more suitable means of evaluating general intelligence for large language models (LLMs), as they inherently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Wenxuan Zhang , Sharifah Mahani Aljunied , Chang Gao , Yew Ken Chia , Lidong Bing

Cultural biases in multilingual datasets pose significant challenges for their effectiveness as global benchmarks. These biases stem not only from differences in language but also from the cultural knowledge required to interpret questions,…

Multilingual understanding is crucial for the cross-cultural applicability of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, evaluation benchmarks designed for Hong Kong's unique linguistic landscape, which combines Traditional Chinese script with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Chuxue Cao , Zhenghao Zhu , Junqi Zhu , Guoying Lu , Siyu Peng , Juntao Dai , Weijie Shi , Sirui Han , Yike Guo

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable ability to comprehend, reason, and generate following nature language instructions. However, the development of LLMs has been primarily focused on high-resource languages, such as English,…

Purpose: This study evaluates the quality of commercial large language model (LLM) machine translation (MT) for Ancient Greek technical prose and benchmarks standard automated MT evaluation metrics against expert human judgment. Design: We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 James L. Zainaldin , Cameron Pattison , Manuela Marai , Jacob Wu , Mark J. Schiefsky

The increase in technological adoption worldwide comes with demands for novel tools to be used by the general population. Large Language Models (LLMs) provide a great opportunity in this respect, but their capabilities remain limited for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Stefan Krsteski , Matea Tashkovska , Borjan Sazdov , Hristijan Gjoreski , Branislav Gerazov

We present an ongoing initiative to provide open, very large, high-quality, and richly annotated textual datasets for almost 200 languages. At 30 trillion tokens, this is likely the largest generally available multilingual collection of LLM…

Large-scale multitask benchmarks have driven rapid progress in language modeling, yet most emphasize high-resource languages such as English, leaving Bengali underrepresented. We present BnMMLU, a comprehensive benchmark for measuring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Saman Sarker Joy , Swakkhar Shatabda

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on a variety of natural language tasks based on just a few examples of natural language instructions, reducing the need for extensive feature engineering. However, most…

The availability of LLM benchmarks for the Estonian language is limited, and a comprehensive evaluation comparing the performance of different LLMs on Estonian tasks has yet to be conducted. We introduce a new benchmark for evaluating LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Helena Grete Lillepalu , Tanel Alumäe

In our era of widespread false information, human fact-checkers often face the challenge of duplicating efforts when verifying claims that may have already been addressed in other countries or languages. As false information transcends…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Ivan Vykopal , Matúš Pikuliak , Simon Ostermann , Tatiana Anikina , Michal Gregor , Marián Šimko

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, largely due to their generalisability and ability to perform tasks without additional training. However, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Kurt Micallef , Claudia Borg

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) is challenging due to their generative nature, necessitating precise evaluation methodologies. Additionally, non-English LLM evaluation lags behind English, resulting in the absence or weakness of…

Dataset curation has become a basis for strong large language model (LLM) performance. While various rule-based filtering heuristics exist for English and multilingual datasets, model-based filtering techniques have primarily focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Bettina Messmer , Vinko Sabolčec , Martin Jaggi

We present DialectalArabicMMLU, a new benchmark for evaluating the performance of large language models (LLMs) across Arabic dialects. While recently developed Arabic and multilingual benchmarks have advanced LLM evaluation for Modern…

Multiple-choice question (MCQ) datasets like Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) are widely used to evaluate the commonsense, understanding, and problem-solving abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, the open-source…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Qihao Zhao , Yangyu Huang , Tengchao Lv , Lei Cui , Qinzheng Sun , Shaoguang Mao , Xin Zhang , Ying Xin , Qiufeng Yin , Scarlett Li , Furu Wei