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Algorithmic recommendations and decisions have become ubiquitous in today's society. Many of these data-driven policies, especially in the realm of public policy, are based on known, deterministic rules to ensure their transparency and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-02 Eli Ben-Michael , D. James Greiner , Kosuke Imai , Zhichao Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) are commonly adapted to downstream tasks through fine-tuning, but fine-tuning data often contains sensitive information that may be leaked by the resulting model. Differential privacy (DP) offers formal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Haichao Sha , Zihao Wang , Yuncheng Wu , Hong Chen , Wei Dong

In order for reinforcement learning techniques to be useful in real-world decision making processes, they must be able to produce robust performance from limited data. Deep policy optimization methods have achieved impressive results on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-22 James Queeney , Ioannis Ch. Paschalidis , Christos G. Cassandras

Recommender systems are often asked to serve multiple recommendation scenarios or domains. Fine-tuning a pre-trained CTR model from source domains and adapting it to a target domain allows knowledge transferring. However, optimizing all the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Xiangli Yang , Qing Liu , Rong Su , Ruiming Tang , Zhirong Liu , Xiuqiang He

In practical recommendation scenarios, users often interact with items under multi-typed behaviors (e.g., click, add-to-cart, and purchase). Traditional collaborative filtering techniques typically assume that users only have a single type…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Chi Zhang , Rui Chen , Xiangyu Zhao , Qilong Han , Li Li

When using a tool, the grasps used for picking it up, reposing, and holding it in a suitable pose for the desired task could be distinct. Therefore, a key challenge for autonomous in-hand tool manipulation is finding a sequence of grasps…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Ethan K. Gordon , Rana Soltani Zarrin

In the classical Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) framework, Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is employed to learn from sparse, sentence-level rewards -- a challenging scenario in traditional deep reinforcement learning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Han Zhong , Zikang Shan , Guhao Feng , Wei Xiong , Xinle Cheng , Li Zhao , Di He , Jiang Bian , Liwei Wang

In this paper, we propose a novel policy iteration method, called dynamic policy programming (DPP), to estimate the optimal policy in the infinite-horizon Markov decision processes. We prove the finite-iteration and asymptotic l\infty-norm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-09-09 Mohammad Gheshlaghi Azar , Vicenc Gomez , Hilbert J. Kappen

In modern robotics, effectively computing optimal control policies under dynamically varying environments poses substantial challenges to the off-the-shelf parametric policy gradient methods, such as the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Apan Dastider , Mingjie Lin

We study sequential decision making in environments where rewards are only partially observed, but can be modeled as a function of observed contexts and the chosen action by the decision maker. This setting, known as contextual bandits,…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-03-11 Miroslav Dudík , Dumitru Erhan , John Langford , Lihong Li

Reinforcement learning algorithms require a large amount of samples; this often limits their real-world applications on even simple tasks. Such a challenge is more outstanding in multi-agent tasks, as each step of operation is more costly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Yali Du , Chengdong Ma , Yuchen Liu , Runji Lin , Hao Dong , Jun Wang , Yaodong Yang

In this paper, we outline a way to deploy a privacy-preserving protocol for multiparty Randomized Controlled Trials on the scale of 500 million rows of data and more than a billion gates. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) are widely used…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Mahnush Movahedi , Benjamin M. Case , Andrew Knox , James Honaker , Li Li , Yiming Paul Li , Sanjay Saravanan , Shubho Sengupta , Erik Taubeneck

This study proposes an end-to-end algorithm for policy learning in causal inference. We observe data consisting of covariates, treatment assignments, and outcomes, where only the outcome corresponding to the assigned treatment is observed.…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-30 Masahiro Kato

Recommender systems present a customized list of items based upon user or item characteristics with the objective of reducing a large number of possible choices to a smaller ranked set most likely to appeal to the user. A variety of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-02 William Noffsinger

Reinforcement learning (RL) struggles to scale to large, combinatorial action spaces common in many real-world problems. This paper introduces a novel framework for training discrete diffusion models as highly effective policies in these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Haitong Ma , Ofir Nabati , Aviv Rosenberg , Bo Dai , Oran Lang , Craig Boutilier , Na Li , Shie Mannor , Lior Shani , Guy Tenneholtz

In this effort, we consider the impact of regularization on the diversity of actions taken by policies generated from reinforcement learning agents trained using a policy gradient. Policy gradient agents are prone to entropy collapse, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Andrew Starnes , Anton Dereventsov , Clayton Webster

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an effective technique for addressing the irrational thoughts stemming from mental illnesses, but it necessitates precise identification of cognitive pathways to be successfully implemented in patient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Meng Jiang , Yi Jing Yu , Qing Zhao , Jianqiang Li , Changwei Song , Hongzhi Qi , Wei Zhai , Dan Luo , Xiaoqin Wang , Guanghui Fu , Bing Xiang Yang

Moderation layers are increasingly a core component of many products built on user- or model-generated content. However, drafting and maintaining domain-specific safety policies remains costly. We present Deep Policy Research (DPR), a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Di Wu , Siyue Liu , Zixiang Ji , Ya-Liang Chang , Zhe-Yu Liu , Andrew Pleffer , Kai-Wei Chang

Our study presents a multifaceted approach to enhancing user interaction and content relevance in social media platforms through a federated learning framework. We introduce personalized LLM Federated Learning and Context-based Social Media…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Sai Puppala , Ismail Hossain , Md Jahangir Alam , Sajedul Talukder

Effective training of language models (LMs) for mathematical reasoning tasks demands high-quality supervised fine-tuning data. Besides obtaining annotations from human experts, a common alternative is sampling from larger and more powerful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Tianduo Wang , Shichen Li , Wei Lu