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This paper presents a novel model-reference reinforcement learning algorithm for the intelligent tracking control of uncertain autonomous surface vehicles with collision avoidance. The proposed control algorithm combines a conventional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-18 Qingrui Zhang , Wei Pan , Vasso Reppa

Next-token prediction is the fundamental principle for training large language models (LLMs), and reinforcement learning (RL) further enhances their reasoning performance. As an effective way to model language, image, video, and other…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zuyao Chen , Jinlin Wu , Zhen Lei , Marc Pollefeys , Chang Wen Chen

Reinforcement learning has become the central approach for language models (LMs) to learn from environmental reward or feedback. In practice, the environmental feedback is usually sparse and delayed. Learning from such signals is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Taiwei Shi , Sihao Chen , Bowen Jiang , Linxin Song , Longqi Yang , Jieyu Zhao

Inferring reward functions from demonstrations and pairwise preferences are auspicious approaches for aligning Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents with human intentions. However, state-of-the art methods typically focus on learning a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Markus Peschl , Arkady Zgonnikov , Frans A. Oliehoek , Luciano C. Siebert

In real-world applications with large state and action spaces, reinforcement learning (RL) typically employs function approximations to represent core components like the policies, value functions, and dynamics models. Although powerful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Chenxiao Gao , Haotian Sun , Na Li , Dale Schuurmans , Bo Dai

Learning contextual and spatial environmental representations enhances autonomous vehicle's hazard anticipation and decision-making in complex scenarios. Recent perception systems enhance spatial understanding with sensor fusion but often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Shoaib Azam , Farzeen Munir , Ville Kyrki , Moongu Jeon , Witold Pedrycz

Decision-making for urban autonomous driving is challenging due to the stochastic nature of interactive traffic participants and the complexity of road structures. Although reinforcement learning (RL)-based decision-making scheme is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Haochen Liu , Zhiyu Huang , Xiaoyu Mo , Chen Lv

Deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) has achieved superior performance in complex sequential tasks by learning directly from image input. A deep neural network is used as a function approximator and requires no specific state information.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Xi Chen , Caylin Hickey

Autonomous vehicles with a self-evolving ability are expected to cope with unknown scenarios in the real-world environment. Take advantage of trial and error mechanism, reinforcement learning is able to self evolve by learning the optimal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Shuo Yang , Liwen Wang , Yanjun Huang , Hong Chen

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been widely applied to many control tasks and substantially improved the performances compared to conventional control methods in many domains where the reward function is well defined. However, for many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Baohe Zhang , Yuan Zhang , Lilli Frison , Thomas Brox , Joschka Bödecker

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful machine learning technique that enables an intelligent agent to learn an optimal policy that maximizes the cumulative rewards in sequential decision making. Most of methods in the existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-06 Chengchun Shi , Zhengling Qi , Jianing Wang , Fan Zhou

Autonomous vehicles inevitably encounter a vast array of scenarios in real-world environments. Addressing long-tail scenarios, particularly those involving intensive interactions with numerous traffic participants, remains one of the most…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Guanzhou Li , Jianping Wu , Yujing He

Reinforcement learning, which acquires a policy maximizing long-term rewards, has been actively studied. Unfortunately, this learning type is too slow and difficult to use in practical situations because the state-action space becomes huge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Takato Okudo , Seiji Yamada

Safe Reinforcement Learning (Safe RL) aims to train an RL agent to maximize its performance in real-world environments while adhering to safety constraints, as exceeding safety violation limits can result in severe consequences. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Hanping Zhang , Yuhong Guo

Traditional autonomous vehicle pipelines that follow a modular approach have been very successful in the past both in academia and industry, which has led to autonomy deployed on road. Though this approach provides ease of interpretation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Tanmay Agarwal , Hitesh Arora , Jeff Schneider

In this paper, we present a safe deep reinforcement learning system for automated driving. The proposed framework leverages merits of both rule-based and learning-based approaches for safety assurance. Our safety system consists of two…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-24 Ali Baheri , Subramanya Nageshrao , H. Eric Tseng , Ilya Kolmanovsky , Anouck Girard , Dimitar Filev

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in environments with complex, history-dependent reward structures poses significant challenges for traditional methods. In this work, we introduce a novel approach that leverages automaton-based feedback to guide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Mahyar Alinejad , Alvaro Velasquez , Yue Wang , George Atia

Heated debates continue over the best autonomous driving framework. The classic modular pipeline is widely adopted in the industry owing to its great interpretability and stability, whereas the fully end-to-end paradigm has demonstrated…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Guan Wang , Haoyi Niu , Desheng Zhu , Jianming Hu , Xianyuan Zhan , Guyue Zhou

Semantic segmentation in complex scenes relies not only on object appearance but also on object location and the surrounding environment. Nonetheless, it is difficult to model long-range context in the format of pairwise point correlations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Xin Kang , Chaoqun Wang , Xuejin Chen

A key objective in the field of artificial intelligence is to develop cognitive models that can exhibit human-like intellectual capabilities. One promising approach to achieving this is through neural-symbolic systems, which combine the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Dongran Yu , Xueyan Liu , Shirui Pan , Anchen Li , Bo Yang