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Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards improves reasoning in large language models (LLMs), but many methods still rely on large human-labeled datasets. While self-play reduces this dependency, it often lacks explicit planning and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yulin Peng , Xinxin Zhu , Chenxing Wei , Nianbo Zeng , Leilei Wang , Ying Tiffany He , F. Richard Yu

Can AI accelerate the development of AI itself? While recent agentic systems have shown strong performance on well-scoped tasks with rapid feedback, it remains unclear whether they can tackle the costly, long-horizon, and weakly supervised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Weixian Xu , Tiantian Mi , Yixiu Liu , Yang Nan , Zhimeng Zhou , Lyumanshan Ye , Lin Zhang , Yu Qiao , Pengfei Liu

Evolving one-dimensional cellular automata (CAs) with genetic algorithms has provided insight into how improved performance on a task requiring global coordination emerges when only local interactions are possible. Two approaches that can…

adap-org · Physics 2007-05-23 Justin Werfel , Melanie Mitchell , James P. Crutchfield

he greatest weakness of evolutionary algorithms, widely used today, is the premature convergence due to the loss of population diversity over generations. To overcome this problem, several algorithms have been proposed, such as the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-08-22 Asmaa Ghoumari , Amir Nakib

Agentic evolution has emerged as a powerful paradigm for improving programs, workflows, and scientific solutions by iteratively generating candidates, evaluating them, and using feedback to guide future search. However, existing methods are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jiayi Zhang , Yongfeng Gu , Jianhao Ruan , Maojia Song , Yiran Peng , Zhiguang Han , Jinyu Xiang , Zhitao Wang , Caiyin Yang , Yixi Ouyang , Bang Liu , Chenglin Wu , Yuyu Luo

An efficient Learning resource centre can be achieved with the help of a network of collaborating, coordinating and communicating software agents. Agent-oriented techniques represent an exciting new means of analysing, designing and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2011-02-18 Pooja Jain , Deepak Dahiya

In this paper, we introduce the Generalist Virtual Agent (GVA), an autonomous entity engineered to function across diverse digital platforms and environments, assisting users by executing a variety of tasks. This survey delves into the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Minghe Gao , Wendong Bu , Bingchen Miao , Yang Wu , Yunfei Li , Juncheng Li , Siliang Tang , Qi Wu , Yueting Zhuang , Meng Wang

As more and more AI agents are used in practice, it is time to think about how to make these agents fully autonomous so that they can (1) learn by themselves continually in a self-motivated and self-initiated manner rather than being…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Bing Liu , Sahisnu Mazumder , Eric Robertson , Scott Grigsby

Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) simulate natural selection but have two main limitations: (1) they rarely update individuals based on global correlations, limiting comprehensive learning; (2) they struggle with balancing exploration and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Kaichen Ouyang , Zong Ke , Shengwei Fu , Lingjie Liu , Puning Zhao , Dayu Hu

Embodied Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an intelligent system formed by agents and their environment through active perception, embodied cognition, and action interaction. Existing embodied AI remains confined to human-crafted setting, in…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Tongtong Feng , Xin Wang , Wenwu Zhu

Autonomous agents can adapt their behaviour to changing environments, but remain bound to requirements, goals, and capabilities fixed at design time, preventing genuine software evolution. This paper introduces self-evolving software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Marco Robol , Paolo Giorgini

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have the potential to significantly enhance human productivity by reasoning, using tools, and executing complex tasks in diverse environments. However, current approaches to…

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, the success of RL for LLMs heavily relies on human-curated datasets and verifiable rewards,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Yixing Chen , Yiding Wang , Siqi Zhu , Haofei Yu , Tao Feng , Muhan Zhang , Mostofa Patwary , Jiaxuan You

A fundamental aspect of behaviour is the ability to encode salient features of experience in memory and use these memories, in combination with current sensory information, to predict the best action for each situation such that long-term…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Stephen Kelly , Tatiana Voegerl , Wolfgang Banzhaf , Cedric Gondro

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and agent system designs have empowered agents with unprecedented levels of capability. However, existing agent benchmarks are showing a trend of rapid ceiling-hitting by newly developed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Dadi Guo , Tianyi Zhou , Dongrui Liu , Chen Qian , Qihan Ren , Shuai Shao , Zhiyuan Fan , Yi R. Fung , Kun Wang , Linfeng Zhang , Jing Shao

External knowledge has played a crucial role in the recent development of computer use agents. We identify a critical knowledge-execution gap: retrieved knowledge often fails to translate into effective real-world task execution. Our…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Ziyun Zhang , Xinyi Liu , Xiaoyi Zhang , Jun Wang , Gang Chen , Yan Lu

Current Large Language Model (LLM) agents show strong performance in tool use, but lack the crucial capability to systematically learn from their own experiences. While existing frameworks mainly focus on mitigating external knowledge gaps,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Rong Wu , Xiaoman Wang , Jianbiao Mei , Pinlong Cai , Daocheng Fu , Cheng Yang , Licheng Wen , Xuemeng Yang , Yufan Shen , Yuxin Wang , Botian Shi

Generative Artificial Intelligence is a powerful new technology with the potential to boost innovation and reshape governance in many industries. Nevertheless, organisations face major challenges in scaling GenAI, including technology…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Alexander Ettinger

To survive and thrive in complex environments, humans have evolved sophisticated self-improvement mechanisms through environment exploration, hierarchical abstraction of experiences into reuseable skills, and collaborative construction of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Boyuan Zheng , Michael Y. Fatemi , Xiaolong Jin , Zora Zhiruo Wang , Apurva Gandhi , Yueqi Song , Yu Gu , Jayanth Srinivasa , Gaowen Liu , Graham Neubig , Yu Su

In this paper, we introduce UI-Genie, a self-improving framework addressing two key challenges in GUI agents: verification of trajectory outcome is challenging and high-quality training data are not scalable. These challenges are addressed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Han Xiao , Guozhi Wang , Yuxiang Chai , Zimu Lu , Weifeng Lin , Hao He , Lue Fan , Liuyang Bian , Rui Hu , Liang Liu , Shuai Ren , Yafei Wen , Xiaoxin Chen , Aojun Zhou , Hongsheng Li