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Deep learning is now widely used in drug discovery, providing significant acceleration and cost reduction. As the most fundamental building block, molecular representation is essential for predicting molecular properties to enable various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Haoqiang Guo , Sendong Zhao , Haochun Wang , Yanrui Du , Bing Qin

With the development of computational power and techniques for data collection, deep learning demonstrates a superior performance over most existing algorithms on visual benchmark data sets. Many efforts have been devoted to studying the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Yuanhong Xu , Qi Qian , Hao Li , Rong Jin , Juhua Hu

Molecule and text representation learning has gained increasing interest due to its potential for enhancing the understanding of chemical information. However, existing models often struggle to capture subtle differences between molecules…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Hyuntae Park , Yeachan Kim , SangKeun Lee

Molecular generative models often assume meaningful latent geometry, but apparent property predictability can reflect sequence-level shortcuts rather than chemical organization. We study this issue in an unsupervised autoregressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Zakaria Elabid , Jan Andrzejewski , Bartosz Brzoza , Attila Cangi

Small-molecule foundation models are typically pretrained on standalone molecular data, unlike vision and language models that often benefit from cross-modal or relational supervision. Protein-ligand co-folding provides a molecular analogue…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-25 Hyosoon Jang , Hyunjin Seo , Honghui Kim , Seonghyun Park , Taewon Kim , Yunhui Jang , Sungsoo Ahn

Masked Autoencoder (MAE) is a notable method for self-supervised pretraining in visual representation learning. It operates by randomly masking image patches and reconstructing these masked patches using the unmasked ones. A key limitation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Han Guo , Ramtin Hosseini , Ruiyi Zhang , Sai Ashish Somayajula , Ranak Roy Chowdhury , Rajesh K. Gupta , Pengtao Xie

We report a method to convert discrete representations of molecules to and from a multidimensional continuous representation. This model allows us to generate new molecules for efficient exploration and optimization through open-ended…

Models that accurately predict properties based on chemical structure are valuable tools in drug discovery. However, for many properties, public and private training sets are typically small, and it is difficult for the models to generalize…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-08 Oscar Méndez-Lucio , Christos Nicolaou , Berton Earnshaw

The field of visual representation learning has seen explosive growth in the past years, but its benefits in robotics have been surprisingly limited so far. Prior work uses generic visual representations as a basis to learn (task-specific)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Jianren Wang , Sudeep Dasari , Mohan Kumar Srirama , Shubham Tulsiani , Abhinav Gupta

The efficient exploration of chemical space remains a central challenge, as many generative models still produce unstable or non-synthesizable compounds. To address these limitations, we present EvoMol-RL, a significant extension of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Gaelle Milon-Harnois , Chaimaa Touhami , Nicolas Gutowski , Benoit Da Mota , Thomas Cauchy

Recent studies have shown that code language models at scale demonstrate significant performance gains on downstream tasks, i.e., code generation. However, most of the existing works on code representation learning train models at a hundred…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Dejiao Zhang , Wasi Ahmad , Ming Tan , Hantian Ding , Ramesh Nallapati , Dan Roth , Xiaofei Ma , Bing Xiang

Machine learning approaches have become popular for molecular modeling tasks, including molecular force fields and properties prediction. Traditional supervised learning methods suffer from scarcity of labeled data for particular tasks,…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-11-29 Xiang Gao , Weihao Gao , Wenzhi Xiao , Zhirui Wang , Chong Wang , Liang Xiang

Recent advances in learning aligned multimodal representations have been primarily driven by training large neural networks on massive, noisy paired-modality datasets. In this work, we ask whether it is possible to achieve similar results…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Elan Rosenfeld , Preetum Nakkiran , Hadi Pouransari , Oncel Tuzel , Fartash Faghri

The predictive accuracy of Machine Learning (ML) models of molecular properties depends on the choice of the molecular representation. Based on the postulates of quantum mechanics, we introduce a hierarchy of representations which meet…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2016-11-23 Bing Huang , O. Anatole von Lilienfeld

Comprehensive and unambiguous identification of small molecules in complex samples will revolutionize our understanding of the role of metabolites in biological systems. Existing and emerging technologies have enabled measurement of…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2019-05-22 Sean M. Colby , Jamie R. Nuñez , Nathan O. Hodas , Courtney D. Corley , Ryan R. Renslow

Continual learning requires models to adapt to new data while preserving previously acquired knowledge. At its core, this challenge can be viewed as principled one-step adaptation: incorporating new information with minimal interference to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Jiaqi Sun , Boyang Sun , Rasmy M. H. , Xiangchen Song , Kun Zhang

The three-dimensional shape and conformation of small-molecule ligands are critical for biomolecular recognition, yet encoding 3D geometry has not improved ligand-based virtual screening approaches. We describe an end-to-end deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Kangway V. Chuang , Michael J. Keiser

Machine learning techniques have recently been adopted in various applications in medicine, biology, chemistry, and material engineering. An important task is to predict the properties of molecules, which serves as the main subroutine in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Shengchao Liu , Mehmet Furkan Demirel , Yingyu Liang

Molecules have seemed like a natural fit to deep learning's tendency to handle a complex structure through representation learning, given enough data. However, this often continuous representation is not natural for understanding chemical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Austin Clyde , Arvind Ramanathan , Rick Stevens

The MACE architecture represents the state of the art in the field of machine learning force fields for a variety of in-domain, extrapolation and low-data regime tasks. In this paper, we further evaluate MACE by fitting models for published…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-08-16 David Peter Kovacs , Ilyes Batatia , Eszter Sara Arany , Gabor Csanyi