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This paper presents PhoenixCodec, a comprehensive neural speech coding and decoding framework designed for extremely low-resource conditions. The proposed system integrates an optimized asymmetric frequency-time architecture, a Cyclical…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-24 Zixiang Wan , Haoran Zhao , Guochang Zhang , Runqiang Han , Jianqiang Wei , Yuexian Zou

While language models (LMs) paired with residual vector quantization (RVQ) tokenizers have shown promise in text-to-audio (T2A) generation, they still lag behind diffusion-based models by a non-trivial margin. We identify a critical dilemma…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Juncheng Wang , Chao Xu , Cheng Yu , Zhe Hu , Haoyu Xie , Guoqi Yu , Lei Shang , Shujun Wang

A good language model starts with a good tokenizer. Tokenization is especially important for speech modeling, which must handle continuous signals that mix linguistic and non-linguistic information. A speech tokenizer should extract…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Zhijie Huang , Stephen McIntosh , Daisuke Saito , Nobuaki Minematsu

The analysis, processing, and extraction of meaningful information from sounds all around us is the subject of the broader area of audio analytics. Audio captioning is a recent addition to the domain of audio analytics, a cross-modal…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-04 Sandeep Kothinti , Dimitra Emmanouilidou

In recent years, large language models have achieved significant success in generative tasks related to speech, audio, music, and other signal domains. A crucial element of these models is the discrete acoustic codecs, which serve as an…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-05 Shengpeng Ji , Minghui Fang , Jialong Zuo , Ziyue Jiang , Dingdong Wang , Hanting Wang , Hai Huang , Zhou Zhao

Generating semantically and temporally aligned audio content in accordance with video input has become a focal point for researchers, particularly following the remarkable breakthrough in text-to-video generation. In this work, we aim to…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Manjie Xu , Chenxing Li , Xinyi Tu , Yong Ren , Rilin Chen , Yu Gu , Wei Liang , Dong Yu

Audio generation has achieved remarkable progress with the advance of sophisticated generative models, such as diffusion models (DMs) and autoregressive (AR) models. However, due to the naturally significant sequence length of audio, the…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Kai Qiu , Xiang Li , Hao Chen , Jie Sun , Jinglu Wang , Zhe Lin , Marios Savvides , Bhiksha Raj

The emergence of multi-codebook neutral audio codecs such as Residual Vector Quantization (RVQ) and Group Vector Quantization (GVQ) has significantly advanced Large-Language-Model (LLM) based Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems. These codecs are…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Rui Wang , Qianguo Sun , Tianrong Chen , Zhiyun Zeng , Junlong Wu , Jiaxing Zhang

We consider audio decoding as an inverse problem and solve it through diffusion posterior sampling. Explicit conditioning functions are developed for input signal measurements provided by an example of a transform domain perceptual audio…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-13 Pedro J. Villasana T. , Lars Villemoes , Janusz Klejsa , Per Hedelin

General audio understanding is a fundamental goal for large audio-language models, with audio captioning serving as a cornerstone task for their development. However, progress in this domain is hindered by existing datasets, which lack the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-26 Yadong Niu , Tianzi Wang , Heinrich Dinkel , Xingwei Sun , Jiahao Zhou , Gang Li , Jizhong Liu , Junbo Zhang , Jian Luan

Sign language datasets are often not representative in terms of vocabulary, underscoring the need for models that generalize to unseen signs. Vector quantization is a promising approach for learning discrete, token-like representations, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Lee Kezar , Zed Sehyr , Jesse Thomason

Discrete speech tokenization is a fundamental component in speech codecs. However, in large-scale speech-to-speech systems, the complexity of parallel streams from multiple quantizers and the computational cost of high-time-dimensional…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Rongkun Xue , Yazhe Niu , Shuai Hu , Zixin Yin , Yongqiang Yao , Jing Yang

Audio inpainting seeks to restore missing segments in degraded recordings. Previous diffusion-based methods exhibit impaired performance when the missing region is large. We introduce the first approach that applies discrete diffusion over…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Tali Dror , Iftach Shoham , Moshe Buchris , Oren Gal , Haim Permuter , Gilad Katz , Eliya Nachmani

Neural codec language models achieve impressive zero-shot Text-to-Speech (TTS) by fully imitating the acoustic characteristics of a short speech prompt, including timbre, prosody, and paralinguistic information. However, such holistic…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Hanchen Pei , Shujie Liu , Yanqing Liu , Jianwei Yu , Yuanhang Qian , Gongping Huang , Sheng Zhao , Yan Lu

Masked token prediction has emerged as a powerful pre-training objective across language, vision, and speech, offering the potential to unify these diverse modalities through a single pre-training task. However, its application for general…

Current unified multimodal models typically rely on discrete visual tokenizers to bridge the modality gap. However, discretization inevitably discards fine-grained semantic information, leading to suboptimal performance in visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Yaqi Zhao , Wang Lin , Zijian Zhang , Miles Yang , Jingyuan Chen , Wentao Zhang , Zhao Zhong , Liefeng Bo

We propose AUV, a unified neural audio codec with a single codebook, which enables a favourable reconstruction of speech and further extends to general audio, including vocal, music, and sound. AUV is capable of tackling any 16 kHz…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-29 Yushen Chen , Kai Hu , Long Zhou , Shulin Feng , Xusheng Yang , Hangting Chen , Xie Chen

Audio-driven 3D facial animation aims to map input audio to realistic facial motion. Despite significant progress, limitations arise from inconsistent 3D annotations, restricting previous models to training on specific annotations and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Xiangyu Fan , Jiaqi Li , Zhiqian Lin , Weiye Xiao , Lei Yang

The sound codec's dual roles in minimizing data transmission latency and serving as tokenizers underscore its critical importance. Recent years have witnessed significant developments in codec models. The ideal sound codec should preserve…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-19 Haibin Wu , Ho-Lam Chung , Yi-Cheng Lin , Yuan-Kuei Wu , Xuanjun Chen , Yu-Chi Pai , Hsiu-Hsuan Wang , Kai-Wei Chang , Alexander H. Liu , Hung-yi Lee

Tokenization underlies every large language model, yet it remains an under-theorized and inconsistently designed component. Common subword approaches such as Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) offer scalability but often misalign with linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Sawsan Alqahtani , Mir Tafseer Nayeem , Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar , Tasnim Mohiuddin , M Saiful Bari