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Since deep learning became a key player in natural language processing (NLP), many deep learning models have been showing remarkable performances in a variety of NLP tasks, and in some cases, they are even outperforming humans. Such high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-07 Sangchul Hahn , Heeyoul Choi

Self-distillation (SD) is the process of first training a \enquote{teacher} model and then using its predictions to train a \enquote{student} model with the \textit{same} architecture. Specifically, the student's objective function is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Rudrajit Das , Sujay Sanghavi

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit misalignment between the quality of their generated responses and the confidence estimates they assign to them. Bayesian treatments, such as marginalizing over a reliable weight posterior or over…

The burgeoning complexity of contemporary deep learning models, while achieving unparalleled accuracy, has inadvertently introduced deployment challenges in resource-constrained environments. Knowledge distillation, a technique aiming to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Sia Gholami , Marwan Omar

Meaningful uncertainty quantification in computer vision requires reasoning about semantic information -- say, the hair color of the person in a photo or the location of a car on the street. To this end, recent breakthroughs in generative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Swami Sankaranarayanan , Anastasios N. Angelopoulos , Stephen Bates , Yaniv Romano , Phillip Isola

Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) is a crucial component of many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. However, existing approaches typically reduce semantic nuances to a single score, limiting interpretability. To address this,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Diego Miguel Lozano , Daryna Dementieva , Alexander Fraser

The push to compress and impart the proficiency of Large Language Models (LLMs) into more deployable and efficient Small Language Models (SLMs) has benefited from improvements in knowledge distillation (KD) techniques. These techniques…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Shreyansh Padarha

Reasoning distillation has emerged as a prevailing paradigm for transferring reasoning capabilities from large reasoning models to small language models. Yet, reasoning distillation risks data contamination: benchmark data may inadvertently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Hengxiang Zhang , Hyeong Kyu Choi , Sharon Li , Hongxin Wei

Knowledge distillation, transferring knowledge from a teacher model to a student model, has emerged as a powerful technique in neural machine translation for compressing models or simplifying training targets. Knowledge distillation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Jingxuan Wei , Linzhuang Sun , Yichong Leng , Xu Tan , Bihui Yu , Ruifeng Guo

Distilled self-supervised models have shown competitive performance and efficiency in recent years. However, there is a lack of experience in jointly distilling multiple self-supervised speech models. In our work, we performed Ensemble…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-27 Kuan-Po Huang , Tzu-hsun Feng , Yu-Kuan Fu , Tsu-Yuan Hsu , Po-Chieh Yen , Wei-Cheng Tseng , Kai-Wei Chang , Hung-yi Lee

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) rely on contextual embeddings which generate different (continuous) representations for the same token depending on its surrounding context. Nonetheless, words and tokens typically have a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Qitong Wang , Mohammed J. Zaki , Georgios Kollias , Vasileios Kalantzis

Word sense disambiguation (WSD), which aims to determine an appropriate sense for a target word given its context, is crucial for natural language understanding. Existing supervised methods treat WSD as a classification task and have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Zhu Liu , Ying Liu

Despite widespread success in language understanding and generation, large language models (LLMs) exhibit unclear and often inconsistent behavior when faced with tasks that require probabilistic reasoning. In this work, we present the first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Mobina Pournemat , Keivan Rezaei , Gaurang Sriramanan , Arman Zarei , Jiaxiang Fu , Yang Wang , Hamid Eghbalzadeh , Soheil Feizi

This paper provides an in-depth examination of the concept of semantic diffusion as a complementary instrument to large language models (LLMs) for design applications. Conventional LLMs and diffusion models fail to induce a convergent,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Alexander P. Ryjov , Alina A. Egorova

The Semantic Layered Embedding Diffusion (SLED) mechanism redefines the representation of hierarchical semantics within transformer-based architectures, enabling enhanced contextual consistency across a wide array of linguistic tasks. By…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Irin Kabakum , Thomas Montgomery , Daniel Ravenwood , Genevieve Harrington

Existing knowledge distillation methods mostly focus on distillation of teacher's prediction and intermediate activation. However, the structured representation, which arguably is one of the most critical ingredients of deep models, is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Jing Yang , Xiatian Zhu , Adrian Bulat , Brais Martinez , Georgios Tzimiropoulos

Knowledge distillation establishes a learning paradigm that leverages both data supervision and teacher guidance. However, determining the optimal balance between learning from data and learning from the teacher is challenging, as some…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Jingchen Sun , Shaobo Han , Deep Patel , Wataru Kohno , Can Jin , Changyou Chen

Uncertainty estimation is critical for deploying reasoning language models, yet remains poorly understood under extended chain-of-thought reasoning. We study parallel sampling as a fully black-box approach using verbalized confidence and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Maksym Del , Markus Kängsepp , Marharyta Domnich , Ardi Tampuu , Lisa Yankovskaya , Meelis Kull , Mark Fishel

For tasks involving language and vision, the current state-of-the-art methods tend not to leverage any additional information that might be present to gather relevant (commonsense) knowledge. A representative task is Visual Question…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-12 Somak Aditya , Rudra Saha , Yezhou Yang , Chitta Baral

A computationally expensive and memory intensive neural network lies behind the recent success of language representation learning. Knowledge distillation, a major technique for deploying such a vast language model in resource-scarce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Geondo Park , Gyeongman Kim , Eunho Yang