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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in healthcare, yet ensuring their ethical integrity and safety compliance remains a major barrier to clinical deployment. This work introduces a multi-agent refinement framework designed…

Large language model (LLM)-based AI agents extend LLM capabilities by enabling access to tools such as data sources, APIs, search engines, code sandboxes, and even other agents. While this empowers agents to perform complex tasks, LLMs may…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Aarya Doshi , Yining Hong , Congying Xu , Eunsuk Kang , Alexandros Kapravelos , Christian Kästner

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive results on natural language tasks, and security researchers are beginning to employ them in both offensive and defensive systems. In cyber-security, there have been multiple research…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Jiacen Xu , Jack W. Stokes , Geoff McDonald , Xuesong Bai , David Marshall , Siyue Wang , Adith Swaminathan , Zhou Li

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in multi-agent systems where agents communicate in natural language to solve tasks jointly. A key capability in such systems is consensus formation, where agents iteratively exchange…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xiaolin Sun , Zixuan Liu , Yibin Hu , Zizhan Zheng

We consider the problem of security-aware planning in an unknown stochastic environment, in the presence of attacks on control signals (i.e., actuators) of the robot. We model the attacker as an agent who has the full knowledge of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Alper Kamil Bozkurt , Yu Wang , Miroslav Pajic

As Large Language Models (LLMs) grow increasingly powerful, multi-agent systems are becoming more prevalent in modern AI applications. Most safety research, however, has focused on vulnerabilities in single-agent LLMs. These include prompt…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Donghyun Lee , Mo Tiwari

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) into mobile GUI agents has significantly enhanced user efficiency and experience. However, this advancement also introduces potential security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yulong Yang , Xinshan Yang , Shuaidong Li , Chenhao Lin , Zhengyu Zhao , Chao Shen , Tianwei Zhang

Malicious agents pose significant threats to the reliability and decision-making capabilities of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) powered by Large Language Models (LLMs). Existing defenses often fall short due to reactive designs or centralized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yang Feng , Xudong Pan

A multi-agent AI system (MAS) is composed of multiple autonomous agents that interact, exchange information, and make decisions based on internal generative models. Recent advances in large language models and tool-using agents have made…

Rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have revitalized in LLM-based agents, exhibiting impressive human-like behaviors and cooperative capabilities in various scenarios. However, these agents also bring some exclusive risks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Yu Tian , Xiao Yang , Jingyuan Zhang , Yinpeng Dong , Hang Su

Recent advances in AI agents capable of solving complex, everyday tasks, from scheduling to customer service, have enabled deployment in real-world settings, but their possibilities for unsafe behavior demands rigorous evaluation. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Sanidhya Vijayvargiya , Aditya Bharat Soni , Xuhui Zhou , Zora Zhiruo Wang , Nouha Dziri , Graham Neubig , Maarten Sap

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant promise in real-world decision-making tasks for embodied artificial intelligence, especially when fine-tuned to leverage their inherent common sense and reasoning abilities while being…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Ruochen Jiao , Shaoyuan Xie , Justin Yue , Takami Sato , Lixu Wang , Yixuan Wang , Qi Alfred Chen , Qi Zhu

LLM agents are widely used as agents for customer support, content generation, and code assistance. However, they are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, where adversarial inputs manipulate the model's behavior. Traditional defenses…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Zhilong Wang , Neha Nagaraja , Lan Zhang , Hayretdin Bahsi , Pawan Patil , Peng Liu

Multi-agent safe systems have become an increasingly important area of study as we can now easily have multiple AI-powered systems operating together. In such settings, we need to ensure the safety of not only each individual agent, but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Zheqing Zhu , Erdem Bıyık , Dorsa Sadigh

Powerful autonomous systems, which reason, plan, and converse using and between numerous tools and agents, are made possible by Large Language Models (LLMs), Vision-Language Models (VLMs), and new agentic AI systems, like LangChain and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Toqeer Ali Syed , Mishal Ateeq Almutairi , Mahmoud Abdel Moaty

In recent years, a proliferation of methods were developed for cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (c-MARL). However, the robustness of c-MARL agents against adversarial attacks has been rarely explored. In this paper, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Nhan H. Pham , Lam M. Nguyen , Jie Chen , Hoang Thanh Lam , Subhro Das , Tsui-Wei Weng

Ensuring that large language models (LLMs) comply with safety requirements is a central challenge in AI deployment. Existing alignment approaches primarily operate during training, such as through fine-tuning or reinforcement learning from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Tuan Nguyen , Long Tran-Thanh

Prompt injection attacks represent a major vulnerability in Large Language Model (LLM) deployments, where malicious instructions embedded in user inputs can override system prompts and induce unintended behaviors. This paper presents a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-18 S M Asif Hossain , Ruksat Khan Shayoni , Mohd Ruhul Ameen , Akif Islam , M. F. Mridha , Jungpil Shin

The rise of large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems (MAS) introduces new security and reliability challenges. While these systems show great promise in decomposing and coordinating complex tasks, they also face multi-faceted…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Xu He , Di Wu , Yan Zhai , Kun Sun

Autonomous browsing agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to automate web-based tasks. However, their reliance on dynamic content, tool execution, and user-provided data exposes them to a broad attack surface.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Mykyta Mudryi , Markiyan Chaklosh , Grzegorz Wójcik