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Related papers: Fine-Grained Activation Steering: Steering Less, A…

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Changing the behavior of large language models (LLMs) can be as straightforward as editing the Transformer's residual streams using appropriately constructed "steering vectors." These modifications to internal neural activations, a form of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jian-Qiao Zhu , Haijiang Yan , Thomas L. Griffiths

Table reasoning with large language models (LLMs) plays a critical role in building intelligent systems capable of understanding and analyzing tabular data. Despite recent progress, existing methods still face key limitations: their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Huajian Zhang , Mingyue Cheng , Yucong Luo , Xiaoyu Tao

To ensure AI safety, instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) are specifically trained to ensure alignment, which refers to making models behave in accordance with human intentions. While these models have demonstrated commendable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Haoran Wang , Kai Shu

The detection of micro-expression Action Units (AUs) is a formidable challenge in affective computing, pivotal for decoding subtle, involuntary human emotions. While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate profound reasoning abilities,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Zhishu Liu , Kaishen Yuan , Bo Zhao , Yong Xu , Zitong Yu

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) excel at complex reasoning tasks, but their efficiency is often hampered by overly verbose outputs. Prior steering methods attempt to address this issue by applying a single, global vector to hidden…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yawei Li , Benjamin Bergner , Yinghan Zhao , Vihang Prakash Patil , Bei Chen , Cheng Wang

Feature steering has emerged as a promising approach for controlling LLM behavior through direct manipulation of internal representations, offering advantages over prompt engineering. However, its practical effectiveness in real-world…

Quantized or low-bit neural networks are attractive due to their inference efficiency. However, training deep neural networks with quantized activations involves minimizing a discontinuous and piecewise constant loss function. Such a loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Ziang Long , Penghang Yin , Jack Xin

Large language model (LLM)-based agents have shown promise in tackling complex tasks by interacting dynamically with the environment. Existing work primarily focuses on behavior cloning from expert demonstrations or preference learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Hanlin Wang , Jian Wang , Chak Tou Leong , Wenjie Li

Despite extensive safety alignment, Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. However, existing methods generally lack the capability for continuous learning and self-evolution from interactions, limiting the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xu Liu , Yan Chen , Kan Ling , Yichi Zhu , Hengrun Zhang , Guisheng Fan , Huiqun Yu

Layer pruning removes entire Transformer decoder blocks from large language models, but introduces a mismatch between the hidden state received by the next surviving layer and the distribution it was trained to process, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Vincent-Daniel Yun , Junhyuk Jo , Sai Praneeth Karimireddy , Sunwoo Lee

Low-precision fine-tuning of language models has gained prominence as a cost-effective and energy-efficient approach to deploying large-scale models in various applications. However, this approach is susceptible to the existence of outlier…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Alireza Ghaffari , Justin Yu , Mahsa Ghazvini Nejad , Masoud Asgharian , Boxing Chen , Vahid Partovi Nia

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a dominant paradigm for eliciting long-horizon reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, scaling Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) via RL remains challenging due to interaction collapse: a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xuqin Zhang , Quan He , Zhenrui Zheng , Zongzhang Zhang , Xu He , Dong Li

We introduce stochastic activations. This novel strategy randomly selects between several non-linear functions in the feed-forward layer of a large language model. In particular, we choose between SILU or RELU depending on a Bernoulli draw.…

Pre-trained language models (PLM) have demonstrated their effectiveness for a broad range of information retrieval and natural language processing tasks. As the core part of PLM, multi-head self-attention is appealing for its ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Shanshan Wang , Zhumin Chen , Zhaochun Ren , Huasheng Liang , Qiang Yan , Pengjie Ren

Activation steering controls language model behavior by adding directions to internal representations at inference time, but standard residual-stream steering can fail in stateful dialogue. We identify KV-cache contamination as a key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Diancheng Kang , Zheyuan Liu , Ningshan Ma , Yue Huang , Zhaoxuan Tan , Meng Jiang

Despite rapid progress in video diffusion transformers, how their internal model signals can be leveraged with minimal overhead to enhance video generation quality remains underexplored. In this work, we study the role of Massive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Xianhang Cheng , Yujian Zheng , Zhenyu Xie , Tingting Liao , Hao Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold immense potential to generate synthetic data of high quality and utility, which has numerous applications from downstream model training to practical data utilisation. However, contemporary models, despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Charles O'Neill , Yuan-Sen Ting , Ioana Ciuca , Jack Miller , Thang Bui

Diffusion-based vision-language-action (VLA) models have emerged as strong priors for robotic manipulation, yet adapting them to real-world distributions remains challenging. In particular, on-robot reinforcement learning (RL) is expensive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Junjie Lu , Xinyao Qin , Yuhua Jiang , Kaixin Wang , Chuheng Zhang , Bin Liang , Jun Yang , Min Xu , Li Zhao

LLM-based optimization has shown remarkable potential in enhancing agentic systems. However, the conventional approach of prompting LLM optimizer with the whole training trajectories on training dataset in a single pass becomes untenable as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Jiale Liu , Yifan Zeng , Shaokun Zhang , Chi Zhang , Malte Højmark-Bertelsen , Marie Normann Gadeberg , Huazheng Wang , Qingyun Wu

The internalization of chain-of-thought processes into hidden states has emerged as a highly efficient paradigm for scaling test-time compute. However, existing activation steering methods rely on static control vectors that fail to adapt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Zhenning Shi , Yijia Zhu , Junhan Shi , Xun Zhang , Lei Wang , Congcong Miao