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This paper introduces a multi-agent framework guided by Large Language Models (LLMs) to assist in the early stages of engineering design, a phase often characterized by vast parameter spaces and inherent uncertainty. Operating under a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Varun Kumar , George Em Karniadakis

Autonomous agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being utilized in complex software systems. However, reliability remains a significant challenge due to unpredictable failures such as hallucinations, execution…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Cheonsu Jeong , Younggun Shin

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced capabilities in natural language processing and artificial intelligence. These models, including GPT-3.5 and LLaMA-2, have revolutionized text generation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Yunhong He , Jianling Qiu , Wei Zhang , Zhengqing Yuan

Significant efforts has been made to expand the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) beyond basic language tasks. While the generalizability and versatility of LLMs have enabled widespread adoption, evolving demands in application…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Dawen Zhang , Xiwei Xu , Chen Wang , Zhenchang Xing , Robert Mao

Large language models are increasingly embedded in regulated and safety-critical software, including clinical research platforms and healthcare information systems. While these features enable natural language search, summarization, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Zhiyin Zhou

Ensuring robust safety measures across a wide range of scenarios is crucial for user-facing systems. While Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate valuable data for safety measures, they often exhibit distributional biases, focusing on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Sabit Hassan , Anthony Sicilia , Malihe Alikhani

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in various natural language tasks and are increasingly being applied in healthcare domains. This work demonstrates a new LLM-powered disease risk assessment approach via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Mohammad Amin Roshani , Xiangyu Zhou , Yao Qiang , Srinivasan Suresh , Steve Hicks , Usha Sethuraman , Dongxiao Zhu

Generative large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing with their transformative and emergent capabilities. However, recent evidence indicates that LLMs can produce harmful content that violates social…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Xiaohan Yuan , Jinfeng Li , Dongxia Wang , Yuefeng Chen , Xiaofeng Mao , Longtao Huang , Jialuo Chen , Hui Xue , Xiaoxia Liu , Wenhai Wang , Kui Ren , Jingyi Wang

This comprehensive literature review examines the emerging applications of Large Language Models (LLMs) in power system engineering. Through a systematic analysis of recent research published between 2020 and 2025, we explore how LLMs are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-16 Muhammad Sarwar , Muhammad Rizwan , Mubushra Aziz , Abdul Rehman Sudais

Language is essentially a complex, intricate system of human expressions governed by grammatical rules. It poses a significant challenge to develop capable AI algorithms for comprehending and grasping a language. As a major approach,…

Large language models (LLMs) offer unprecedented and growing capabilities, but also introduce complex safety and security challenges that resist conventional risk management. While conventional probabilistic risk analysis (PRA) requires…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Alexander Gutfraind , Vicki Bier

As Generative Artificial Intelligence is adopted across the financial services industry, a significant barrier to adoption and usage is measuring model performance. Historical machine learning metrics can oftentimes fail to generalize to…

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into medical applications has sparked widespread interest across the healthcare industry, from drug discovery and development to clinical decision support, assisting telemedicine, medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Zifeng Wang , Hanyin Wang , Benjamin Danek , Ying Li , Christina Mack , Hoifung Poon , Yajuan Wang , Pranav Rajpurkar , Jimeng Sun

Information security is facing increasingly severe challenges, and traditional protection means are difficult to cope with complex and changing threats. In recent years, as an emerging intelligent technology, large language models (LLMs)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Chang Gong , Zhongwen Li , Xiaoqi Li

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing scientific research, yet its growing integration into laboratory environments presents critical safety challenges. Large language models (LLMs) and vision language models (VLMs) now assist in…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are used for many different software engineering tasks. In software architecture, they have been applied to tasks such as classification of design decisions, detection of design patterns, and generation of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Larissa Schmid , Tobias Hey , Martin Armbruster , Sophie Corallo , Dominik Fuchß , Jan Keim , Haoyu Liu , Anne Koziolek

Context: Large Language Models (LLMs) rely on static, pre-deployment safety mechanisms that cannot adapt to adversarial threats discovered after release. Objective: To design a software architecture enabling LLM-based systems to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Tyler Slater

Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled multi-agent systems to perform autonomous code generation for complex tasks. Despite the recent growth in research and industrial applications in this area, there is little work on synthesizing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zeeshan Rasheeda , Muhammad Waseema , Kai-Kristian Kemella , Mika Saari , Pekka Abrahamsson

Organizations are rapidly adopting Large Language Models (LLMs) to transform their operations, yet they lack clear guidance on key decisions for adoption and implementation. While LLMs offer powerful capabilities in content generation,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Michael Trusov , Minha Hwang , Zainab Jamal , Swarup Chandra

The recent advance in Large Language Models (LLMs) has shaped a new paradigm of AI agents, i.e., LLM-based agents. Compared to standalone LLMs, LLM-based agents substantially extend the versatility and expertise of LLMs by enhancing LLMs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Junwei Liu , Kaixin Wang , Yixuan Chen , Xin Peng , Zhenpeng Chen , Lingming Zhang , Yiling Lou