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Large Language Model (LLM)-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) enhance complex problem solving through multi-agent collaboration, but often incur substantially higher costs than single-agent systems. Recent MAS routing methods aim to balance…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Di Zhao , Longhui Ma , Siwei Wang , Miao Wang , Yi Kong

Recently, the field of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) has gained popularity as researchers are trying to develop artificial intelligence capable of efficient collective reasoning. Agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) perform well in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Adam Kostka , Jarosław A. Chudziak

Multi-agent large language models (MA-LLMs) are a rapidly growing research area that leverages multiple interacting language agents to tackle complex tasks, outperforming single-agent large language models. This literature review…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Arne Tillmann

In an era where single large language models have dominated the landscape of artificial intelligence for years, multi-agent systems arise as new protagonists in conversational task-solving. While previous studies have showcased their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Jonas Becker

With recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs) for reasoning, planning, and complex task generation, artificial intelligence systems are transitioning from isolated single-agent architectures to multi-agent systems with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Linlin Wang , Tianqing Zhu , Laiqiao Qin , Longxiang Gao , Wanlei Zhou

Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) with Large Language Model (LLM)-powered agents are gaining attention, yet fewer studies explore their team dynamics. Inspired by human team science, we propose a multi-agent framework to examine core aspects of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Rasika Muralidharan , Haewoon Kwak , Jisun An

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning, planning, and communication abilities, enabling them to operate as autonomous agents in open environments. While single-agent systems remain limited in adaptability and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Jianing Hao , Han Ding , Yuanjian Xu , Tianze Sun , Ran Chen , Wanbo Zhang , Guang Zhang , Siguang Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities as autonomous agents through tool use, planning, and decision-making abilities, leading to their widespread adoption across diverse tasks. As task complexity grows,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Ishan Kavathekar , Hemang Jain , Ameya Rathod , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru , Tanuja Ganu

Multi-agent systems (MAS) based on large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in collaborative problem-solving. However, they still face substantial challenges of low communication efficiency and suboptimal task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Zhexuan Wang , Yutong Wang , Xuebo Liu , Liang Ding , Miao Zhang , Jie Liu , Min Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities in mathematical and scientific tasks. To enhance complex reasoning, multi-agent systems have been proposed to harness the collective intelligence of LLM agents.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Zhenyu Bi , Meng Lu , Yang Li , Swastik Roy , Weijie Guan , Morteza Ziyadi , Xuan Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) based agent systems have made great strides in real-world applications beyond traditional NLP tasks. This paper proposes a new LLM-based Multi-Agent System (LLM-MAS) benchmark, Collab-Overcooked, built on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Haochen Sun , Shuwen Zhang , Lujie Niu , Lei Ren , Hao Xu , Hao Fu , Fangkun Zhao , Caixia Yuan , Xiaojie Wang

The rise of Agent AI and Large Language Model-powered Multi-Agent Systems (LLM-MAS) has underscored the need for responsible and dependable system operation. Tools like LangChain and Retrieval-Augmented Generation have expanded LLM…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Jinwei Hu , Yi Dong , Shuang Ao , Zhuoyun Li , Boxuan Wang , Lokesh Singh , Guangliang Cheng , Sarvapali D. Ramchurn , Xiaowei Huang

Therapy recommendation for chronic patients with multimorbidity is challenging due to risks of treatment conflicts. Existing decision support systems face scalability limitations. Inspired by the way in which general practitioners (GP)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Yicong Wu , Ting Chen , Irit Hochberg , Zhoujian Sun , Ruth Edry , Zhengxing Huang , Mor Peleg

Large language models (LLMs) have proven effective in artificial intelligence, where the multi-agent system (MAS) holds considerable promise for healthcare development by achieving the collaboration of LLMs. However, the absence of a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zhihao Peng , Liuxin Bao , Yixuan Yuan

Large Language Models (LLMs) trained with reinforcement learning and verifiable rewards have achieved strong results on complex reasoning tasks. Recent work extends this paradigm to a multi-agent setting, where a meta-thinking agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Zhiwei Zhang , Xiaomin Li , Yudi Lin , Hui Liu , Ramraj Chandradevan , Linlin Wu , Minhua Lin , Fali Wang , Xianfeng Tang , Qi He , Suhang Wang

Large language models (LLMs) often display sycophancy, a tendency toward excessive agreeability. This behavior poses significant challenges for multi-agent debating systems (MADS) that rely on productive disagreement to refine arguments and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Binwei Yao , Chao Shang , Wanyu Du , Jianfeng He , Ruixue Lian , Yi Zhang , Hang Su , Sandesh Swamy , Yanjun Qi

This paper formalises the literature on emerging design patterns and paradigms for Large Language Model (LLM)-enabled multi-agent systems (MAS), evaluating their practical utility across various domains. We define key architectural…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Harri Renney , Maxim N Nethercott , Nathan Renney , Peter Hayes

Large language model-based multi-agent systems have recently gained significant attention due to their potential for complex, collaborative, and intelligent problem-solving capabilities. Existing surveys typically categorize LLM-based…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Bingyu Yan , Zhibo Zhou , Litian Zhang , Lian Zhang , Ziyi Zhou , Dezhuang Miao , Zhoujun Li , Chaozhuo Li , Xiaoming Zhang

Tool-using agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in tasks such as mathematical reasoning and multi-hop question answering. However, in long trajectories, agents often trigger excessive and low-quality tool calls, increasing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Zeping Li , Hongru Wang , Yiwen Zhao , Guanhua Chen , Yixia Li , Keyang Chen , Yixin Cao , Guangnan Ye , Hongfeng Chai , Zhenfei Yin

Multi-agent systems driven by large language models (LLMs) have shown promising abilities for solving complex tasks in a collaborative manner. This work considers a fundamental problem in multi-agent collaboration: consensus seeking. When…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Huaben Chen , Wenkang Ji , Lufeng Xu , Shiyu Zhao