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Unlike conventional charge-2e superconductors, a charge-4e superconductor exhibits long-range coherence of electron quartets rather than Cooper pairs. Clear zero-temperature realizations of charge-4e superconductivity remain rare. Here, we…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-04-17 Zhou-Quan Wan , Huan Jiang , Xuan Zou , Shiwei Zhang , Shao-Kai Jian

The condensation of electron quartets, known as charge-4e superconductivity (SC), represents a novel quantum state of matter beyond the standard paradigm of Cooper pairing. However, concrete microscopic models realizing this phase in two…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-04-17 Shao-Hang Shi , Zhengzhi Wu , Jiangping Hu , Zi-Xiang Li

A phase of matter in which fermion quartets form a superconducting condensate, rather than the paradigmatic Cooper pairs, is a recurrent subject of experimental and theoretical studies. However, a comprehensive microscopic understanding of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-06-12 Martina O. Soldini , Mark H. Fischer , Titus Neupert

Charge-$4e$ superconductivity as a novel phase of matter remains elusive so far. Here we show that charge-$4e$ phase can arise as a vestigial order above the nematic superconducting transition temperature in time-reversal-invariant nematic…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-11-24 Shao-Kai Jian , Yingyi Huang , Hong Yao

A charge-$4e$ superconductor forms due to the condensation of quartets of electrons. While in previous works the mechanism for the formation of charge-$4e$ superconductivity has been analyzed in terms of the binding of Cooper pairs in…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-10-05 Nikolay V. Gnezdilov , Yuxuan Wang

We study Mott insulator - superfluid transition in a two-band boson Hubbard model, which can be mapped onto a spin-1/2 XY model with spins coupled to an additional Ising degree of freedom. By using a modified mean field theory that include…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 Huai-Bin Zhuang , Michael Ma , Xi Dai , Fu-Chun Zhang

A number of spectacular experimental anomalies\cite{li-2007,fujita-2005} have recently been discovered in certain cuprates, notably {\LBCO} and {\LNSCO}, which exhibit unidirectional spin and charge order (known as ``stripe order''). We…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-11-04 E. Berg , E. Fradkin , S. A. Kivelson

There are several FeSe based superconductors, including the bulk FeSe, monolayer FeSe thin film, intercalated KxFe2-ySe2 and Li1-xFexOHFeSe, etc. Their normal states all show metallic behavior. The key player here is the FeSe layer which…

Superconductivity · Physics 2020-11-25 Jin Si , Guan-Yu Chen , Qing Li , Xiyu Zhu , Huan Yang , Hai-Hu Wen

Many features of charge-4e superconductors remain unknown because even the "mean-field Hamiltonian" describing them is an interacting model. Here we introduce an interacting model to describe a charge-4e superconductor (SC) deep in the…

Superconductivity · Physics 2017-06-14 Yi-Fan Jiang , Zi-Xiang Li , Steven A. Kivelson , Hong Yao

Unravelling competing orders emergent in doped Mott insulators and their interplay with unconventional superconductivity is one of the major challenges in condensed matter physics. To explore possible superconductivity state in the doped…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-09-01 Shoushu Gong , W. Zhu , D. N. Sheng

We show here that many of the normal state properties of the cuprates can result from the new charge 2e bosonic field which we have recently (Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 99}, 46404 (2007) and Phys. Rev. B 77, 014512 (2008)) shown to exist in the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-11-13 Ting-Pong Choy , Robert G. Leigh , Philip Phillips

Charge-$4e$ superconductivity is an exotic state of matter that may emerge as a vestigial order from a charge-$2e$ superconductor with multicomponent superconducting order parameters. Showing its emergence in a microscopic model from…

Superconductivity · Physics 2025-10-31 Xuan Zou , Zhou-Quan Wan , Hong Yao

Based on the Hubbard model description of the doped Mott insulator, we prove that there must exist a spinless collective excitation of charge $2e$ and of energy $U-2\mu$ peaked at momentum $(\pi/a,\pi/a)$ in the non-superconducting state…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2007-05-23 W. Vincent Liu

We investigate superconductivity emerging in the photodoped Mott insulating Hubbard model using steady-state dynamical mean-field theory implemented on the real-frequency axis. By employing high-order strong-coupling impurity solvers, we…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-02-20 Lei Geng , Aaram J. Kim , Philipp Werner

We explore the superconducting properties of the bilayer Hubbard model, which exhibits a high transition temperature ($T_{\rm c}$) for an $s_{\pm}$ pairing, using a cluster extension of the dynamical mean-field theory. Unlike the…

Superconductivity · Physics 2025-07-22 Yusuke Nomura , Motoharu Kitatani , Shiro Sakai , Ryotaro Arita

Charge-$4e$ superconductors are phases where quartets of electrons condense in the absence of Cooper pairing condensation. They exhibit distinctive signatures including fractional flux quantization and anomalous Josephson effects, and are…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-02-05 Zhi-Qiang Gao , Yan-Qi Wang , Hui Yang , Congjun Wu

For doped two-dimensional Mott insulators in their normal state, the challenge is to understand the evolution from a conventional metal at high doping to a strongly correlated metal near the Mott insulator at zero doping. To this end, we…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2011-08-31 G. Sordi , K. Haule , A. -M. S. Tremblay

Layered organic superconductors of the BEDT family are model systems for the interplay of the Mott transition with superconductivity, magnetic order and frustration. Recent experimental studies on a hole-doped version of BEDT compounds…

Superconductivity · Physics 2015-09-24 Charles-David Hébert , Patrick Sémon , A. -M. S. Tremblay

We present a theory for charge-$4e$ superconductivity as a leading low-temperature instability with a nontrivial $d$-wave symmetry. We show that in several microscopic models for the pair-density-wave (PDW) state, when the PDW wave vectors…

Superconductivity · Physics 2024-08-13 Yi-Ming Wu , Yuxuan Wang

We investigate the potential existence of a superconducting phase in $5d$ Mott insulators with an eye to hole doped Sr$_2$IrO$_4$. Using a mean-field method, a mixed singlet-triplet superconductivity, $d + p$, is observed due to the…

Superconductivity · Physics 2019-01-30 Mohammad-Hossein Zare , Mehdi Biderang , Alireza Akbari
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