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Learning causal structure is useful in many areas of artificial intelligence, including planning, robotics, and explanation. Constraint-based structure learning algorithms such as PC use conditional independence (CI) tests to infer causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Erica Cai , Andrew McGregor , David Jensen

Causal discovery between collections of time-series data can help diagnose causes of symptoms and hopefully prevent faults before they occur. However, reliable causal discovery can be very challenging, especially when the data acquisition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Haonan Chen , Bo Yuan Chang , Mohamed A. Naiel , Georges Younes , Steven Wardell , Stan Kleinikkink , John S. Zelek

Going beyond correlations, the understanding and identification of causal relationships in observational time series, an important subfield of Causal Discovery, poses a major challenge. The lack of access to a well-defined ground truth for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-19 Andrew R. Lawrence , Marcus Kaiser , Rui Sampaio , Maksim Sipos

Causal models seek to unravel the cause-effect relationships among variables from observed data, as opposed to mere mappings among them, as traditional regression models do. This paper introduces a novel causal discovery algorithm designed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Saeed Mohseni-Sehdeh , Walid Saad

Multivariate time series in domains such as finance, climate science, and healthcare often exhibit long-term trends, seasonal patterns, and short-term fluctuations, complicating causal inference under non-stationarity and autocorrelation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Muhammad Hasan Ferdous , Md Osman Gani

Learning causal structure from observational data is a fundamental challenge in machine learning. However, the majority of commonly used differentiable causal discovery methods are non-identifiable, turning this problem into a continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Yu Wang , An Zhang , Xiang Wang , Yancheng Yuan , Xiangnan He , Tat-Seng Chua

Causal Structure Learning (CSL), also referred to as causal discovery, amounts to extracting causal relations among variables in data. CSL enables the estimation of causal effects from observational data alone, avoiding the need to perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Fabrizio Russo , Francesca Toni

Causal discovery is central to inferring causal relationships from observational data. In the presence of latent confounding, algorithms such as Fast Causal Inference (FCI) learn a Partial Ancestral Graph (PAG) representing the true model's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Adèle H. Ribeiro , Dominik Heider

Causal discovery, the task of inferring causal structure from data, has the potential to uncover mechanistic insights from biological experiments, especially those involving perturbations. However, causal discovery algorithms over larger…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Menghua Wu , Yujia Bao , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

Causal discovery, i.e., learning the causal graph from data, is often the first step toward the identification and estimation of causal effects, a key requirement in numerous scientific domains. Causal discovery is hampered by two main…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Ehsan Mokhtarian , Sepehr Elahi , Sina Akbari , Negar Kiyavash

Designing studies that apply causal discovery requires navigating many researcher degrees of freedom. This complexity is exacerbated when the study involves fMRI data. In this paper we (i) describe nine challenges that occur when applying…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-21 Eric Rawls , Bryan Andrews , Kelvin Lim , Erich Kummerfeld

A fundamental challenge in the empirical sciences involves uncovering causal structure through observation and experimentation. Causal discovery entails linking the conditional independence (CI) invariances in observational data to their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-04 Zihan Zhou , Muhammad Qasim Elahi , Murat Kocaoglu

Causal discovery (CD) from time-varying data is important in neuroscience, medicine, and machine learning. Techniques for CD encompass randomized experiments, which are generally unbiased but expensive, and algorithms such as Granger…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Xinyue Wang , Konrad Paul Kording

Deep neural networks can obtain impressive performance on various tasks under the assumption that their training domain is identical to their target domain. Performance can drop dramatically when this assumption does not hold. One…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Gaël Gendron , Michael Witbrock , Gillian Dobbie

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) often rely on statistical correlations rather than causal reasoning, limiting their robustness and interpretability. While testing methods can identify failures, effective debugging and repair remain challenging.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Fatemeh Vares , Brittany Johnson

Inferring causal directions on discrete and categorical data is an important yet challenging problem. Even though the additive noise models (ANMs) approach can be adapted to the discrete data, the functional structure assumptions make it…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-02 Austin Goddard , Yu Xiang

The cross-pollination between causal discovery and deep learning has led to increasingly extensive interactions. It results in a large number of deep learning data types (such as images, text, etc.) extending into the field of causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Hang Chen , Xinyu Yang , Keqing Du , Wenya Wang

Discovering causal structure among a set of variables is a fundamental problem in many domains. However, state-of-the-art methods seldom consider the possibility that the observational data has missing values (incomplete data), which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Xiaoshui Huang , Fujin Zhu , Lois Holloway , Ali Haidar

Real world systems evolve in continuous-time according to their underlying causal relationships, yet their dynamics are often unknown. Existing approaches to learning such dynamics typically either discretize time -- leading to poor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Nicholas Tagliapietra , Katharina Ensinger , Christoph Zimmer , Osman Mian

Discovering causal relations from observational time series without making the stationary assumption is a significant challenge. In practice, this challenge is common in many areas, such as retail sales, transportation systems, and medical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Shanyun Gao , Raghavendra Addanki , Tong Yu , Ryan A. Rossi , Murat Kocaoglu
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