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Unlearning in large language models (LLMs) aims to remove specified data, but its efficacy is typically assessed with task-level metrics like accuracy and perplexity. We show that these metrics can be misleading, as models can appear to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiaoyu Xu , Xiang Yue , Yang Liu , Qingqing Ye , Huadi Zheng , Peizhao Hu , Minxin Du , Haibo Hu

Machine unlearning aims to revoke some training data after learning in response to requests from users, model developers, and administrators. Most previous methods are based on direct fine-tuning, which may neither remove data completely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yufang Liu , Changzhi Sun , Yuanbin Wu , Aimin Zhou

Machine unlearning has emerged as a prevalent technical solution for selectively removing unwanted knowledge absorbed during pre-training, without requiring full retraining. While recent unlearning techniques can effectively remove…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Myeongseob Ko , Hoang Anh Just , Charles Fleming , Ming Jin , Ruoxi Jia

Machine unlearning refers to the process of mitigating the influence of specific training data on machine learning models based on removal requests from data owners. However, one important area that has been largely overlooked in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Dayong Ye , Tianqing Zhu , Congcong Zhu , Derui Wang , Kun Gao , Zewei Shi , Sheng Shen , Wanlei Zhou , Minhui Xue

Machine Unlearning has recently garnered significant attention, aiming to selectively remove knowledge associated with specific data while preserving the model's performance on the remaining data. A fundamental challenge in this process is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Gaurav Patel , Qiang Qiu

Machine unlearning techniques aim to mitigate unintended memorization in large language models (LLMs). However, existing approaches predominantly focus on the explicit removal of isolated facts, often overlooking latent inferential…

Machine Unlearning is an emerging paradigm for selectively removing the impact of training datapoints from a network. Unlike existing methods that target a limited subset or a single class, our framework unlearns all classes in a single…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Samuele Poppi , Sara Sarto , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

It often happens that some sensitive personal information, such as credit card numbers or passwords, are mistakenly incorporated in the training of machine learning models and need to be removed afterwards. The removal of such information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Saber Malekmohammadi , Hong kyu Lee , Li Xiong

This paper proposes a paradigm shift linking machine unlearning directly to the structure of the data distributions rather than a mere update of the neural network parameters. We show that inferring these distributions with precision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Virgile Dine , Teddy Furon

Machine unlearning techniques, which involve retracting data records and reducing influence of said data on trained models, help with the user privacy protection objective but incur significant computational costs. Weight perturbation-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Zhiwei Zuo , Zhuo Tang , Kenli Li , Anwitaman Datta

Machine learning has attracted widespread attention and evolved into an enabling technology for a wide range of highly successful applications, such as intelligent computer vision, speech recognition, medical diagnosis, and more. Yet a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Heng Xu , Tianqing Zhu , Lefeng Zhang , Wanlei Zhou , Philip S. Yu

Machine unlearning refers to mechanisms that can remove the influence of a subset of training data upon request from a trained model without incurring the cost of re-training from scratch. This paper develops a unified PAC-Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Sharu Theresa Jose , Osvaldo Simeone

Machine unlearning aims to remove specific information, e.g. sensitive or undesirable content, from large language models (LLMs) while preserving overall performance. We propose an inference-time unlearning algorithm that uses contrastive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Vinith M. Suriyakumar , Ayush Sekhari , Ashia Wilson

State-of-the-art generative models exhibit powerful image-generation capabilities, introducing various ethical and legal challenges to service providers hosting these models. Consequently, Content Removal Techniques (CRTs) have emerged as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Piyush Nagasubramaniam , Neeraj Karamchandani , Chen Wu , Sencun Zhu

Machine unlearning has great significance in guaranteeing model security and protecting user privacy. Additionally, many legal provisions clearly stipulate that users have the right to demand model providers to delete their own data from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Yingzhe He , Guozhu Meng , Kai Chen , Jinwen He , Xingbo Hu

Generative AI technologies have been deployed in many places, such as (multimodal) large language models and vision generative models. Their remarkable performance should be attributed to massive training data and emergent reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Zheyuan Liu , Guangyao Dou , Zhaoxuan Tan , Yijun Tian , Meng Jiang

Machine unlearning is gaining increasing attention as a way to remove adversarial data poisoning attacks from already trained models and to comply with privacy and AI regulations. The objective is to unlearn the effect of undesired data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jose Miguel Lara Rangel , Stefan Schoepf , Jack Foster , David Krueger , Usman Anwar

Learning algorithms and data are the driving forces for machine learning to bring about tremendous transformation of industrial intelligence. However, individuals' right to retract their personal data and relevant data privacy regulations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Junde Li , Swaroop Ghosh

Machine Unlearning aims to remove undesired information from trained models without requiring full retraining from scratch. Despite recent advancements, their underlying loss landscapes and optimization dynamics received less attention. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Jiali Cheng , Hadi Amiri

Machine unlearning (MUL) refers to the problem of making a pre-trained model selectively forget some training instances or class(es) while retaining performance on the remaining dataset. Existing MUL research involves fine-tuning using a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Soumya Roy , Soumya Banerjee , Vinay Verma , Soumik Dasgupta , Deepak Gupta , Piyush Rai
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