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Reinforcement learning (RL) has been effective for post-training autoregressive (AR) language models, but extending these methods to diffusion language models (DLMs) is challenging due to intractable sequence-level likelihoods. Existing…

We explore the methodology and theory of reward-directed generation via conditional diffusion models. Directed generation aims to generate samples with desired properties as measured by a reward function, which has broad applications in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Hui Yuan , Kaixuan Huang , Chengzhuo Ni , Minshuo Chen , Mengdi Wang

Recent advancements in layout pattern generation have been dominated by deep generative models. However, relying solely on neural networks for legality guarantees raises concerns in many practical applications. In this paper, we present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Zixiao Wang , Wenqian Zhao , Yunheng Shen , Yang Bai , Guojin Chen , Farzan Farnia , Bei Yu

Conditional diffusion models have exhibited superior performance in high-fidelity text-guided visual generation and editing. Nevertheless, prevailing text-guided visual diffusion models primarily focus on incorporating text-visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Ling Yang , Zhilong Zhang , Zhaochen Yu , Jingwei Liu , Minkai Xu , Stefano Ermon , Bin Cui

Introducing an algebraic framework for modeling limit order books (LOBs) with tools from physics and stochastic processes, our proposed framework captures the creation and annihilation of orders, order matching, and the time evolution of…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-06-10 Johannes Bleher , Michael Bleher

Recent advances in denoising diffusion models have enabled rapid generation of optimized structures for topology optimization. However, these models often rely on surrogate predictors to enforce physical constraints, which may fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Euihyun Kim , Keun Park , Yeoneung Kim

Prompt learning has garnered attention for its efficiency over traditional model training and fine-tuning. However, existing methods, constrained by inadequate theoretical foundations, encounter difficulties in achieving causally invariant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Xinshu Li , Ruoyu Wang , Erdun Gao , Mingming Gong , Lina Yao

Diffusion models have been successfully adapted to text generation tasks by mapping the discrete text into the continuous space. However, there exist nonnegligible gaps between training and inference, owing to the absence of the forward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Zecheng Tang , Pinzheng Wang , Keyan Zhou , Juntao Li , Ziqiang Cao , Min Zhang

Limited visibility of distribution network power flows at the low voltage level presents challenges to both distribution network operators from a planning perspective and distribution system operators from a congestion management…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-11 Alistair Brash , Junyi Lu , Bruce Stephen , Blair Brown , Robert Atkinson , Craig Michie , Fraser MacIntyre , Christos Tachtatzis

Having engaging and informative conversations with users is the utmost goal for open-domain conversational systems. Recent advances in transformer-based language models and their applications to dialogue systems have succeeded to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Sarik Ghazarian , Zixi Liu , Tuhin Chakrabarty , Xuezhe Ma , Aram Galstyan , Nanyun Peng

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced their knowledge and generative capabilities, leading to a surge of interest in leveraging LLMs for high-quality data synthesis. However, synthetic data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Ying Zhou , Xinyao Wang , Yulei Niu , Yaojie Shen , Lexin Tang , Fan Chen , Ben He , Le Sun , Longyin Wen

Deep generative models dominate the existing literature in layout pattern generation. However, leaving the guarantee of legality to an inexplicable neural network could be problematic in several applications. In this paper, we propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Zixiao Wang , Yunheng Shen , Wenqian Zhao , Yang Bai , Guojin Chen , Farzan Farnia , Bei Yu

In real-life conversations, the content is diverse, and there exists the one-to-many problem that requires diverse generation. Previous studies attempted to introduce discrete or Gaussian-based continuous latent variables to address the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Jianxiang Xiang , Zhenhua Liu , Haodong Liu , Yin Bai , Jia Cheng , Wenliang Chen

Diffusion models have emerged as powerful generative frameworks by progressively adding noise to data through a forward process and then reversing this process to generate realistic samples. While these models have achieved strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Xingzhuo Guo , Yu Zhang , Baixu Chen , Haoran Xu , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Diffusion models have attained prominence for their ability to synthesize a probability distribution for a given dataset via a diffusion process, enabling the generation of new data points with high fidelity. However, diffusion processes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Shervin Khalafi , Dongsheng Ding , Alejandro Ribeiro

Controllable layout generation aims to create plausible visual arrangements of element bounding boxes within a graphic design according to certain optional constraints, such as the type or position of a specific component. While recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yuxuan Wu , Le Wang , Sanping Zhou , Mengnan Liu , Gang Hua , Haoxiang Li

Counterfactual explanations have been successfully applied to create human interpretable explanations for various black-box models. They are handy for tasks in the image domain, where the quality of the explanations benefits from recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Trung Duc Ha , Sidney Bender

We study the task of long-form opinion text generation, which faces at least two distinct challenges. First, existing neural generation models fall short of coherence, thus requiring efficient content planning. Second, diverse types of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Xinyu Hua , Ashwin Sreevatsa , Lu Wang

Accurate estimation of counterfactual outcomes in high-dimensional data is crucial for decision-making and understanding causal relationships and intervention outcomes in various domains, including healthcare, economics, and social…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Jiageng Zhu , Hanchen Xie , Jiazhi Li , Wael Abd-Almageed

Synthetic time series are often used in practical applications to augment the historical time series dataset for better performance of machine learning algorithms, amplify the occurrence of rare events, and also create counterfactual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Andrea Coletta , Sriram Gopalakrishan , Daniel Borrajo , Svitlana Vyetrenko