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Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) demand considerable computations for inference due to the extensive parameters and the additional input tokens needed for visual information representation. Herein, we introduce Visual Tokens…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Zhihang Lin , Mingbao Lin , Luxi Lin , Rongrong Ji

Key-Value (KV) cache has become a de facto component of modern Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) for inference. While it enhances decoding efficiency in Large Language Models (LLMs), its direct adoption in LVLMs introduces substantial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Xihao Chen , Yangyang Guo , Roger Zimmermann

Long streaming video QA remains challenging due to growing visual tokens and limited reasoning length of large language models (LLMs). KV-caching stores the Key-Value (KV) of the historical tokens via LLM prefill and enables more efficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Junbin Xiao , Jiajun Chen , Tianxiang Sun , Xun Yang , Angela Yao

Adapting Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) for hour-long videos is bottlenecked by context limits. Dense visual streams saturate token budgets and exacerbate the lost-in-the-middle phenomenon. Existing heuristics, like sparse…

This paper presents LiteEval, a simple yet effective coarse-to-fine framework for resource efficient video recognition, suitable for both online and offline scenarios. Exploiting decent yet computationally efficient features derived at a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Zuxuan Wu , Caiming Xiong , Yu-Gang Jiang , Larry S. Davis

Rapid advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have spurred demand for processing extended context sequences in contemporary applications. However, this progress faces two challenges: performance degradation due to sequence lengths…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Wei Wu , Zhuoshi Pan , Chao Wang , Liyi Chen , Yunchu Bai , Tianfu Wang , Kun Fu , Zheng Wang , Hui Xiong

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) are powerful tools that are capable of reasoning and understanding multimodal information beyond text and language. Despite their entrenched impact, the development of LMMs is hindered by the higher…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Vittorio Pippi , Matthieu Guillaumin , Silvia Cascianelli , Rita Cucchiara , Maximilian Jaritz , Loris Bazzani

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made significant progress in visual-language reasoning, but their ability to efficiently handle long videos remains limited. Despite recent advances in long-context MLLMs, storing and attending…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Yanlai Yang , Zhuokai Zhao , Satya Narayan Shukla , Aashu Singh , Shlok Kumar Mishra , Lizhu Zhang , Mengye Ren

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) excel at general video understanding but struggle with fast, high-frequency sports like tennis, where rally clips are short yet information-dense. To systematically evaluate MLLMs in this challenging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Zhongyuan Bao , Lejun Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have allowed recent LLM-based approaches to achieve excellent performance on long-video understanding benchmarks. We investigate how extensive world knowledge and strong reasoning skills of underlying LLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Kanchana Ranasinghe , Xiang Li , Kumara Kahatapitiya , Michael S. Ryoo

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enhance their perceptual capabilities by integrating visual and textual information. However, processing the massive number of visual tokens incurs a significant computational cost. Existing analysis…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jiedong Zhuang , Lu Lu , Ming Dai , Rui Hu , Jian Chen , Qiang Liu , Haoji Hu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are becoming increasingly popular, while the high computational cost associated with multimodal data input, particularly from visual tokens, poses a significant challenge. Existing training-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Xudong Tan , Peng Ye , Chongjun Tu , Jianjian Cao , Yaoxin Yang , Lin Zhang , Dongzhan Zhou , Tao Chen

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been extended to understand both images and videos. Visual token compression is leveraged to reduce the considerable token length of visual inputs. To meet the needs of different tasks, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Chenyu Yang , Xuan Dong , Xizhou Zhu , Weijie Su , Jiahao Wang , Hao Tian , Zhe Chen , Wenhai Wang , Lewei Lu , Jifeng Dai

Existing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) process a large number of visual tokens, leading to significant computational costs and inefficiency. Instruction-related visual token compression demonstrates strong task relevance, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Lei Lei , Jie Gu , Xiaokang Ma , Chu Tang , Jingmin Chen , Tong Xu

Video Transformers have become the prevalent solution for various video downstream tasks with superior expressive power and flexibility. However, these video transformers suffer from heavy computational costs induced by the massive number…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Joonmyung Choi , Sanghyeok Lee , Jaewon Chu , Minhyuk Choi , Hyunwoo J. Kim

Video Language Models (VideoLMs) enable AI systems to understand temporal dynamics in videos. To fit within the maximum context window constraint, current methods use keyframe sampling which often misses both macro-level events and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Sayan Deb Sarkar , Rémi Pautrat , Ondrej Miksik , Marc Pollefeys , Iro Armeni , Mahdi Rad , Mihai Dusmanu

Recent advances in video-based multimodal large language models (Video-LLMs) have significantly improved video understanding by processing videos as sequences of image frames. However, many existing methods treat frames independently in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Jindong Jiang , Xiuyu Li , Zhijian Liu , Muyang Li , Guo Chen , Zhiqi Li , De-An Huang , Guilin Liu , Zhiding Yu , Kurt Keutzer , Sungjin Ahn , Jan Kautz , Hongxu Yin , Yao Lu , Song Han , Wonmin Byeon

Long video understanding is a significant and ongoing challenge in the intersection of multimedia and artificial intelligence. Employing large language models (LLMs) for comprehending video becomes an emerging and promising method. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Yunxin Li , Xinyu Chen , Baotain Hu , Min Zhang

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) achieve strong multimodal understanding, but their inference cost grows rapidly with the number of visual tokens, especially for high-resolution images and long videos. Existing attention-based methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Hongyu Lu , Feng Zhang , Wenwei Jin , Huanling Hu , Tianjun Shi , Shikai Jiang , Yao Hu , Jiawei Li

As Video Large Language Models (Video-LLMs) scale to longer and more complex videos, their inference cost grows rapidly due to the large volume of visual tokens accumulated across frames. Training-free token compression has emerged as a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Minseok Kang , Minhyeok Lee , Jungho Lee , Minjung Kim , Donghyeong Kim , Dayeon Lee , Heeseung Choi , Ig-jae Kim , Sangyoun Lee