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The remarkable zero-shot reasoning capabilities of large-scale Visual Language Models (VLMs) on static images have yet to be fully translated to the video domain. Conventional video understanding models often rely on extensive,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Shihao Ji , Zihui Song

Video large language models (Video-LLMs) face high computational costs due to large volumes of visual tokens. Existing token compression methods typically adopt a two-stage spatiotemporal compression strategy, relying on stage-specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Junhao Du , Jialong Xue , Anqi Li , Jincheng Dai , Guo Lu

Transformer-based models have driven significant advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), yet their computational costs surge drastically when scaling resolution, training data, and model parameters. A key bottleneck stems…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Weili Zeng , Ziyuan Huang , Kaixiang Ji , Yichao Yan

Video large language models (Vid-LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in understanding video content. However, their reliance on dense video token representations introduces substantial memory and computational overhead in both prefilling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Yicheng Ji , Jun Zhang , Heming Xia , Jinpeng Chen , Lidan Shou , Gang Chen , Huan Li

The fundamental challenge in scaling Video Large Language Models (Video LLMs) to long-form video lies in managing the explosion of visual-token context length. Existing strategies predominantly focus on "post-hoc" token reduction --…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jihwan Kim , Nikhil Parthasarathy , Danfeng Qin , Junhwa Hur , Deqing Sun , Bohyung Han , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Boqing Gong

Vision-language models (VLMs) could power real-time assistants and autonomous agents, but they face a critical challenge: understanding near-infinite video streams without escalating latency and memory usage. Processing entire videos with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Ruyi Xu , Guangxuan Xiao , Yukang Chen , Liuning He , Kelly Peng , Yao Lu , Song Han

We propose KFS-Bench, the first benchmark for key frame sampling in long video question answering (QA), featuring multi-scene annotations to enable direct and robust evaluation of sampling strategies. Key frame sampling is crucial for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Zongyao Li , Kengo Ishida , Satoshi Yamazaki , Xiaotong Ji , Jianquan Liu

Long-form video understanding poses a significant challenge for video large language models (VideoLLMs) due to prohibitively high computational and memory demands. In this paper, we propose FlexSelect, a flexible and efficient token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yunzhu Zhang , Yu Lu , Tianyi Wang , Fengyun Rao , Yi Yang , Linchao Zhu

Video understanding with multimodal large language models (MLLMs) remains challenging due to the long token sequences of videos, which contain extensive temporal dependencies and redundant frames. Existing approaches typically treat MLLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Yaolun Zhang , Ruohui Wang , Jiahao Wang , Yepeng Tang , Xuanyu Zheng , Haonan Duan , Hao Lu , Hanming Deng , Lewei Lu

Recent developments in Video Large Language Models (Video LLMs) have enabled models to process hour-long videos and exhibit exceptional performance. Nonetheless, the Key-Value (KV) cache expands linearly over time, leading to substantial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Zhenyu Ning , Guangda Liu , Qihao Jin , Chengwei Li , Wenchao Ding , Minyi Guo , Jieru Zhao

Video Large Language Models (VideoLLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in video understanding, yet the massive number of input video tokens incurs a significant computational burden for deployment. Existing methods mainly prune…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yansong Guo , Chaoyang Zhu , Jiayi Ji , Jianghang Lin , Liujuan Cao

Despite recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs), long-video understanding remains a challenging problem. Although state-of-the-art long-context VLMs can process around 1000 input frames, they still struggle to effectively leverage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Anurag Arnab , Ahmet Iscen , Mathilde Caron , Alireza Fathi , Cordelia Schmid

Large vision-language models (VLMs) typically process hundreds or thousands of visual tokens per image or video frame, incurring quadratic attention cost and substantial redundancy. Existing token reduction methods often ignore the textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Kaitong Cai , Jusheng Zhang , Jing Yang , Yijia Fan , Pengtao Xie , Jian Wang , Keze Wang

Conventional Vision-Language Models(VLMs) typically utilize a fixed number of vision tokens, regardless of task complexity. This one-size-fits-all strategy introduces notable inefficiencies: using excessive tokens leads to unnecessary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Junshan Hu , Jialiang Mao , Zhikang Liu , Zhongpu Xia , Peng Jia , Xianpeng Lang

Training-free video large language models (LLMs) leverage pretrained Image LLMs to process video content without the need for further training. A key challenge in such approaches is the difficulty of retaining essential visual and temporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Leqi Shen , Tao He , Guoqiang Gong , Fan Yang , Yifeng Zhang , Pengzhang Liu , Sicheng Zhao , Guiguang Ding

In this paper, we introduce PruneVid, a visual token pruning method designed to enhance the efficiency of multi-modal video understanding. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising performance in video tasks due to their extended…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Xiaohu Huang , Hao Zhou , Kai Han

Long video question answering is a challenging task that involves recognizing short-term activities and reasoning about their fine-grained relationships. State-of-the-art video Large Language Models (vLLMs) hold promise as a viable solution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Reuben Tan , Ximeng Sun , Ping Hu , Jui-hsien Wang , Hanieh Deilamsalehy , Bryan A. Plummer , Bryan Russell , Kate Saenko

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown promising progress in understanding and analyzing video content. However, processing long videos remains a significant challenge constrained by LLM's context size. To address this…

The advent of real-time large multimodal models (LMMs) like GPT-4o has sparked considerable interest in efficient LMMs. LMM frameworks typically encode visual inputs into vision tokens (continuous representations) and integrate them and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shaolei Zhang , Qingkai Fang , Zhe Yang , Yang Feng

Long-form video understanding, characterized by long-range temporal dependencies and multiple events, remains a challenge. Existing methods often rely on static reasoning or external visual-language models (VLMs), which face issues like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Yuan Xie , Tianshui Chen , Zheng Ge , Lionel Ni