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Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models enable sparse expert activation, meaning that only a subset of the model's parameters is used during each inference. However, to translate this sparsity into practical performance, an expert caching mechanism…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Duc Hoang , Ajay Jaiswal , Mohammad Samragh , Minsik Cho

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have become standard in large language models, yet many of their core design choices - expert count, granularity, shared experts, load balancing, token dropping - have only been studied one or two at a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Margaret Li , Sneha Kudugunta , Danielle Rothermel , Luke Zettlemoyer

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become a dominant architecture for scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) efficiently by decoupling total parameters from computational cost. However, this decoupling creates a critical challenge: predicting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Changxin Tian , Kunlong Chen , Jia Liu , Ziqi Liu , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jun Zhou

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as a practical approach to scale up parameters for the Transformer model to achieve better generalization while maintaining a sub-linear increase in computation overhead. Current MoE models are mainly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Shuqing Luo , Jie Peng , Pingzhi Li , Hanrui Wang , Tianlong Chen

Recent increase in energy prices has led researchers to find better ways for capacity provisioning in data centers to reduce energy wastage due to the variation in workload. This paper explores the opportunity for cost saving utilizing the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Muhammad Abdullah Adnan , Ryo Sugihara , Yan Ma , Rajesh Gupta

In recent years, utilization of heterogeneous hardware other than small core CPU such as GPU, FPGA or many core CPU is increasing. However, when using heterogeneous hardware, barriers of technical skills such as OpenMP, CUDA and OpenCL are…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Yoji Yamato

The growing adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various domains has driven the demand for efficient and scalable AI-serving solutions. Deploying LLMs requires optimizations to manage their significant computational and data…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Junsoo Kim , Hunjong Lee , Geonwoo Ko , Gyubin Choi , Seri Ham , Seongmin Hong , Joo-Young Kim

This paper presents MoE-Infinity, an efficient MoE inference system designed for personal machines with limited GPU memory capacity. The key idea for MoE-Infinity is that on personal machines, which are often single-user environments,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Leyang Xue , Yao Fu , Zhan Lu , Luo Mai , Mahesh Marina

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become a dominant architecture in large language models (LLMs) due to its ability to scale model capacity via sparse expert activation. Meanwhile, serverless computing, with its elasticity and pay-per-use…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Wentao Liu , Yuhao Hu , Ruiting Zhou , Baochun Li , Ne Wang

Sparsely Mixture of Experts (MoE) has received great interest due to its promising scaling capability with affordable computational overhead. MoE converts dense layers into sparse experts, and utilizes a gated routing network to make…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Yuan Xie , Shaohan Huang , Tianyu Chen , Furu Wei

In large-scale AI training, Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (s-MoE) layers enable scaling by activating only a small subset of experts per token. An operational challenge in this design is load balancing: routing tokens to minimize the number of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-28 X. Y. Han , Yuan Zhong

When using heterogeneous hardware, barriers of technical skills such as OpenMP, CUDA and OpenCL are high. Based on that, I have proposed environment-adaptive software that enables automatic conversion, configuration. However, including…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Yoji Yamato

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Large Language Models (LLMs) efficiently scale-up the model while keeping relatively low inference cost. As MoE models only activate part of the experts, related work has proposed expert prediction and caching…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Shien Zhu , Samuel Bohl , Robin Oester , Gustavo Alonso

Both the Mobile edge computing (MEC)-based and fog computing (FC)-aided Internet of Vehicles (IoV) constitute promising paradigms of meeting the demands of low-latency pervasive computing. To this end, we construct a dynamic NOMA-based…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Dongsheng Zheng , Yingyang Chen , Lai Wei , Bingli Jiao , Lajos Hanzo

Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) models enable efficient inference by employing smaller experts and activating only a subset of them per token. MoE serving engines distribute experts across multiple GPUs and route tokens to appropriate GPUs at…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Sourish Wawdhane , Avinash Kumar , Poulami Das

The empowering unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been extensively used in providing intelligence such as target tracking. In our field experiments, a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) is deployed at the UAV to identify a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-19 Bo Yang , Xuelin Cao , Chau Yuen , Lijun Qian

Deep neural networks (DNNs) typically employ an end-to-end (E2E) training paradigm which presents several challenges, including high GPU memory consumption, inefficiency, and difficulties in model parallelization during training. Recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Yuming Zhang , Shouxin Zhang , Peizhe Wang , Feiyu Zhu , Dongzhi Guan , Junhao Su , Jiabin Liu , Changpeng Cai

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has become increasingly popular as a method to scale up large language models (LLMs). To save costs, heterogeneity-aware training solutions have been proposed to utilize GPU clusters made up of both…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yongji Wu , Xueshen Liu , Shuowei Jin , Ceyu Xu , Feng Qian , Z. Morley Mao , Matthew Lentz , Danyang Zhuo , Ion Stoica

In this paper, the task offloading from vehicles with random velocities is optimized via a novel dynamic improvement framework. Particularly, in a vehicular network with multiple vehicles and base stations (BSs), computing tasks of vehicles…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 Qianren Li , Yuncong Hong , Bojie Lv , Rui Wang

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) approach has demonstrated outstanding scalability in multi-task learning including low-level upstream tasks such as concurrent removal of multiple adverse weather effects. However, the conventional MoE…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Rongyu Zhang , Yulin Luo , Jiaming Liu , Huanrui Yang , Zhen Dong , Denis Gudovskiy , Tomoyuki Okuno , Yohei Nakata , Kurt Keutzer , Yuan Du , Shanghang Zhang