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Modern malware evolves various detection avoidance techniques to bypass the state-of-the-art detection methods. An emerging trend to deal with this issue is the combination of image transformation and machine learning techniques to classify…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Duc-Ly Vu , Trong-Kha Nguyen , Tam V. Nguyen , Tu N. Nguyen , Fabio Massacci , Phu H. Phung

Continuous learning from streaming data is among the most challenging topics in the contemporary machine learning. In this domain, learning algorithms must not only be able to handle massive volumes of rapidly arriving data, but also adapt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Łukasz Korycki , Bartosz Krawczyk

Malwares are becoming persistent by creating full- edged variants of the same or different family. Malwares belonging to same family share same characteristics in their functionality of spreading infections into the victim computer. These…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-11 Anishka Singh , Rohit Arora , Himanshu Pareek

We present MADCAT, a self-supervised approach designed to address the concept drift problem in malware detection. MADCAT employs an encoder-decoder architecture and works by test-time training of the encoder on a small, balanced subset of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Eunjin Roh , Yigitcan Kaya , Christopher Kruegel , Giovanni Vigna , Sanghyun Hong

Converting malware into images followed by vision-based deep learning algorithms has shown superior threat detection efficacy compared with classical machine learning algorithms. When malware are visualized as images, visual-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-02 Li Chen , Carter Yagemann , Evan Downing

The rapidly evolving nature of Android apps poses a significant challenge to static batch machine learning algorithms employed in malware detection systems, as they quickly become obsolete. Despite this challenge, the existing literature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Molina-Coronado B. , Mori U. , Mendiburu A. , Miguel-Alonso J

Many methods have been proposed to detect concept drift, i.e., the change in the distribution of streaming data, due to concept drift causes a decrease in the prediction accuracy of algorithms. However, the most of current detection methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Hang Yu , Tianyu Liu , Jie Lu , Guangquan Zhang

The rapid growth of Cloud Computing and Internet of Things (IoT) has significantly increased the interconnection of computational resources, creating an environment where malicious software (malware) can spread rapidly. To address this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Themistoklis Diamantopoulos , Dimosthenis Natsos , Andreas L. Symeonidis

A trained ML model is deployed on another `test' dataset where target feature values (labels) are unknown. Drift is distribution change between the training and deployment data, which is concerning if model performance changes. For a…

Applications · Statistics 2022-09-07 Samuel Ackerman , Eitan Farchi , Orna Raz , Marcel Zalmanovici , Parijat Dube

This paper deals with the issue of concept drift in supervised machine learn-ing. We make use of graphical models to elicit the visible structure of the dataand we infer from there changes in the hidden context. Differently from previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Luigi Riso , Marco Guerzoni

Machine learning (ML)-based malware detection systems often fail to account for the dynamic nature of real-world training and test data distributions. In practice, these distributions evolve due to frequent changes in the Android ecosystem,…

In an era of escalating cyber threats, malware poses significant risks to individuals and organizations, potentially leading to data breaches, system failures, and substantial financial losses. This study addresses the urgent need for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Marzieh Esnaashari , Nima Moradi

In recent years, the explosion of malware and extensive code reuse have formed complex evolutionary connections among malware specimens. The rapid pace of development makes it challenging for existing studies to characterize recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Bojing Li , Duo Zhong , Dharani Nadendla , Gabriel Terceros , Prajna Bhandar , Raguvir S , Charles Nicholas

Malware has become a widely used means in cyber attacks in recent decades because of various new obfuscation techniques used by malwares. In order to protect the systems, data and information, detection of malware is needed as early as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Heena

Traditionally, machine learning methods for PE malware detection have relied on static features like byte histograms, string information, and PE header contents. One barrier to incorporating dynamic analysis features has been the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Rebecca Saul , Jingzhi Jiang , Elliott Chia , David Wagner

Analysing malware is important to understand how malicious software works and to develop appropriate detection and prevention methods. Dynamic analysis can overcome evasion techniques commonly used to bypass static analysis and provide…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Baskoro Adi Pratomo , Toby Jackson , Pete Burnap , Andrew Hood , Eirini Anthi

Research shows that over the last decade, malware has been growing exponentially, causing substantial financial losses to various organizations. Different anti-malware companies have been proposing solutions to defend attacks from these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Hemant Rathore , Swati Agarwal , Sanjay K. Sahay , Mohit Sewak

The notion of concept drift refers to the phenomenon that the distribution, which is underlying the observed data, changes over time; as a consequence machine learning models may become inaccurate and need adjustment. Many unsupervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Fabian Hinder , Valerie Vaquet , Barbara Hammer

We propose a novel method to detect and visualize malware through image classification. The executable binaries are represented as grayscale images obtained from the count of N-grams (N=2) of bytes in the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Tajuddin Manhar Mohammed , Lakshmanan Nataraj , Satish Chikkagoudar , Shivkumar Chandrasekaran , B. S. Manjunath

Malware can greatly compromise the integrity and trustworthiness of information and is in a constant state of evolution. Existing feature fusion-based detection methods generally overlook the correlation between features. And mere…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Binghui Zou , Chunjie Cao , Longjuan Wang , Yinan Cheng , Chenxi Dang , Ying Liu , Jingzhang Sun