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Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great ability in generating executable code from natural language, opening the possibility of automatically constructing environments for AI agents. Recent work on Code World Models (CWMs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Tyrone Serapio , Arjun Prakash , Haoyang Xu , Kevin Wang , Amy Greenwald

Large language models (LLMs) are expected to be trained to act as agents in various real-world environments, but this process relies on rich and varied tool-interaction sandboxes. However, access to real systems is often restricted;…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Xiaoshuai Song , Haofei Chang , Guanting Dong , Yutao Zhu , Ji-Rong Wen , Zhicheng Dou

Recent advances in large language model (LLM) agents have shown remarkable progress in software issue resolution, leveraging advanced techniques such as multi-agent collaboration and Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS). However, current agents…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Silin Chen , Shaoxin Lin , Yuling Shi , Heng Lian , Xiaodong Gu , Longfei Yun , Dong Chen , Lin Cao , Jiyang Liu , Nu Xia , Qianxiang Wang

Agent self-improvement, where the backbone Large Language Model (LLM) of the agent are trained on trajectories sampled autonomously based on their own policies, has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing performance. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Tianqing Fang , Hongming Zhang , Zhisong Zhang , Kaixin Ma , Wenhao Yu , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Research on applications of reinforcement learning (RL) to large language models has mostly been focused on single-turn problems, such as mathematical reasoning or single-shot code generation. While these problems can be viewed as…

Benchmarks for large language models (LLMs) have predominantly assessed short-horizon, localized reasoning. Existing long-horizon suites (e.g. SWE-bench) rely on manually curated issues, so expanding or tuning difficulty demands expensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Kaivalya Hariharan , Uzay Girit , Atticus Wang , Jacob Andreas

AI coding agents are being adopted at scale, yet we lack empirical evidence on how people actually use them and how much of their output is useful in practice. We present SWE-chat, the first large-scale dataset of real coding agent sessions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Joachim Baumann , Vishakh Padmakumar , Xiang Li , John Yang , Diyi Yang , Sanmi Koyejo

Verification is critical for improving agents: it provides the reward signal for Reinforcement Learning and enables inference-time gains through Test-Time Scaling (TTS). Despite its importance, verification in software engineering (SWE)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Mohit Raghavendra , Anisha Gunjal , Bing Liu , Yunzhong He

Can we build accurate world models out of large language models (LLMs)? How can world models benefit LLM agents? The gap between the prior knowledge of LLMs and the specified environment's dynamics usually bottlenecks LLMs' performance as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Siyu Zhou , Tianyi Zhou , Yijun Yang , Guodong Long , Deheng Ye , Jing Jiang , Chengqi Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become widely used for Software Engineering (SE) tasks, spanning from function-level code generation to complex repository-level workflows. However, the high latency of autoregressive inference remains a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yijia Li , Junkai Chen , Xing Hu , Xin Xia

Software Engineering (SE) is the systematic design, development, maintenance, and management of software applications underpinning the digital infrastructure of our modern world. Very recently, the SE community has seen a rapidly increasing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Quanjun Zhang , Chunrong Fang , Yang Xie , Yaxin Zhang , Yun Yang , Weisong Sun , Shengcheng Yu , Zhenyu Chen

AI coding agents demonstrate strong performance on general-purpose software benchmarks. However, their ability to handle 5G network engineering tasks remains unexplored. We propose SWE-Bench~5G, the first benchmark designed to investigate…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Jiao Chen , Jianhua Tang , Xiaotong Yang , Zuohong Lv

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency across a variety of complex tasks. One significant application of LLMs is in tackling software engineering challenges, particularly in resolving real-world tasks on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Chengxing Xie , Bowen Li , Chang Gao , He Du , Wai Lam , Difan Zou , Kai Chen

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential as an intelligent agent. However, existing researches mainly focus on enhancing the agent's reasoning or decision-making abilities through well-designed prompt…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Xu Huang , Weiwen Liu , Xiaolong Chen , Xingmei Wang , Defu Lian , Yasheng Wang , Ruiming Tang , Enhong Chen

Current benchmarks for evaluating software engineering agents, such as SWE-Bench Verified, are predominantly derived from GitHub issues and fail to accurately reflect how developers interact with chat-based coding assistants in integrated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Spandan Garg , Benjamin Steenhoek , Yufan Huang

We introduce SWE-Lancer, a benchmark of over 1,400 freelance software engineering tasks from Upwork, valued at \$1 million USD total in real-world payouts. SWE-Lancer encompasses both independent engineering tasks--ranging from \$50 bug…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Samuel Miserendino , Michele Wang , Tejal Patwardhan , Johannes Heidecke

Optimizing the performance of large-scale software repositories demands expertise in code reasoning and software engineering (SWE) to reduce runtime while preserving program correctness. However, most benchmarks emphasize what to fix rather…

Behavioral studies of LLM-based software engineering agents extract operational rules about which trajectory shapes correlate with higher resolution rates: that a test step follows a code modification, that error cascades are short, or that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Wei Ma , Zhi Chen , Jingxu Gu , Tianling Li , Shangqing Liu , Lingxiao Jiang

SWE-Bench-Verified, a dataset comprising 500 issues, serves as a de facto benchmark for evaluating various large language models (LLMs) on their ability to resolve GitHub issues. But this benchmark may overlap with model training data. If…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Thanosan Prathifkumar , Noble Saji Mathews , Meiyappan Nagappan

Large language model (LLM) agents have shown great potential in solving real-world software engineering (SWE) problems. The most advanced open-source SWE agent can resolve over 27% of real GitHub issues in SWE-Bench Lite. However, these…

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