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The convergence of large language models and agents is catalyzing a new era of scientific discovery: Agentic Science. While the scientific method is inherently iterative, existing agent frameworks are predominantly static, narrowly scoped,…

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in automated code generation. In real-world software engineering, the growing demand for rapid iteration and continuous delivery underscores the importance of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Qianhui Zhao , Li Zhang , Fang Liu , Junhang Cheng , Chengru Wu , Junchen Ai , Qiaoyuanhe Meng , Lichen Zhang , Xiaoli Lian , Shubin Song , Yuanping Guo

Context: Empirical Software Engineering (ESE) faces increasing challenges due to data scale, methodological complexity, and reproducibility concerns. Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as promising tools to support empirical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Victoria Gomes , Delaney Selb , Fabio Palomba , Rodrigo Spinola , David Lo

This study evaluates large language models (LLMs) in generating code from algorithm descriptions in recent NLP papers. The task requires two key competencies: (1) algorithm comprehension: synthesizing information from papers and academic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Yanzheng Xiang , Hanqi Yan , Shuyin Ouyang , Lin Gui , Yulan He

Current code-agent benchmarks primarily evaluate localized issue resolution within a single target repository, leaving under-tested many software engineering tasks that require external knowledge or broader repository-level changes. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Guoxin Chen , Fanzhe Meng , Jiale Zhao , Minghao Li , Daixuan Cheng , Huatong Song , Jie Chen , Yuzhi Lin , Hui Chen , Xin Zhao , Ruihua Song , Chang Liu , Cheng Chen , Kai Jia , Ji-Rong Wen

The emergence of "vibe coding" platforms, where users describe applications in natural language and AI agents autonomously generate full-stack software, has created a need for rigorous evaluation beyond code-level benchmarks. In order to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Siddhant Saxena , Nilesh Trivedi , Vinayaka Jyothi

Test-time scaling has become a powerful way to improve large language models. However, existing methods are best suited to short, bounded outputs that can be directly compared, ranked or refined. Long-horizon coding agents violate this…

Software engineering agents (swe-agents), as key innovations in intelligent software engineering, are poised in the industry's end-of-programming debate to transcend from assistance to primary roles. we argue the importance of swe-agents'…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Mohamed A. Fouad , Marcelo de Almeida Maia

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has spurred the development of coding agents for real-world code generation. As a widely used benchmark for evaluating the code generation capabilities of these agents, SWE-Bench uses real-world…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Boxi Yu , Yuxuan Zhu , Pinjia He , Daniel Kang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong reasoning and coding capabilities, yet they struggle to generalize to real-world software engineering (SWE) problems that are long-horizon and out of distribution. Existing systems often rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Iris Xu , Guangtao Zeng , Zexue He , Charles Jin , Aldo Pareja , Dan Gutfreund , Chuang Gan , Zhang-Wei Hong

Composer 2 is a specialized model designed for agentic software engineering. The model demonstrates strong long-term planning and coding intelligence while maintaining the ability to efficiently solve problems for interactive use. The model…

Despite the rapid advancements in LLM agents, they still face the challenge of generating meaningful reflections due to inadequate error analysis and a reliance on rare successful trajectories, especially in complex tasks. In this work, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yubin Ge , Salvatore Romeo , Jason Cai , Monica Sunkara , Yi Zhang

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success and have been widely used in various downstream tasks, especially in the tasks of the software engineering (SE) field. We find that many studies combining LLMs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Yanlin Wang , Wanjun Zhong , Yanxian Huang , Ensheng Shi , Min Yang , Jiachi Chen , Hui Li , Yuchi Ma , Qianxiang Wang , Zibin Zheng

Resolving issues on code repositories is an important part of software engineering. Various recent systems automatically resolve issues using large language models and agents, often with impressive performance. Unfortunately, most of these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jatin Ganhotra , Sami Serhan , Antonio Abu Nassar , Avraham Shinnar , Ziv Nevo , Martin Hirzel

Scaling test-time compute is a promising axis for improving LLM capabilities. However, test-time compute can be scaled in a variety of ways, and effectively combining different approaches remains an active area of research. Here, we explore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Ryan Ehrlich , Bradley Brown , Jordan Juravsky , Ronald Clark , Christopher Ré , Azalia Mirhoseini

Large language model (LLM) agents need to perform multi-turn interactions in real-world tasks. However, existing multi-turn RL algorithms for optimizing LLM agents fail to perform effective credit assignment over multiple turns while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Yifei Zhou , Song Jiang , Yuandong Tian , Jason Weston , Sergey Levine , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar , Xian Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) face persistent and evolving trustworthiness issues, motivating developers to seek automated and flexible repair methods that enable convenient deployment across diverse scenarios. Existing repair methods like…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Changqing Li , Tianlin Li , Xiaohan Zhang , Aishan Liu , Li Pan

We introduce Agent2 RL-Bench, a compact diagnostic benchmark for evaluating agentic RL post-training, which tests whether LLM agents can autonomously design, implement, debug, and execute post-training pipelines that improve foundation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Wanyi Chen , Xiao Yang , Xu Yang , Tianming Sha , Qizheng Li , Zhuo Wang , Bowen Xian , Fang Kong , Weiqing Liu , Jiang Bian

The task of issue resolving is to modify a codebase to generate a patch that addresses a given issue. However, existing benchmarks, such as SWE-bench, focus almost exclusively on Python, making them insufficient for evaluating Large…

Tool use has turned large language models (LLMs) into powerful agents that can perform complex multi-step tasks by dynamically utilising external software components. However, these tools must be implemented in advance by human developers,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Georg Wölflein , Dyke Ferber , Daniel Truhn , Ognjen Arandjelović , Jakob Nikolas Kather