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Medical image synthesis plays a crucial role in clinical workflows, addressing the common issue of missing imaging modalities due to factors such as extended scan times, scan corruption, artifacts, patient motion, and intolerance to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-23 Xiaojiao Xiao , Qinmin Vivian Hu , Guanghui Wang

Synthetic images are an option for augmenting limited medical imaging datasets to improve the performance of various machine learning models. A common metric for evaluating synthetic image quality is the Fr\'echet Inception Distance (FID)…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-30 Thomas Wallace , Ik Siong Heng , Senad Subasic , Chris Messenger

Deep learning (DL) methods typically require large datasets to effectively learn data distributions. However, in the medical field, data is often limited in quantity, and acquiring labeled data can be costly. To mitigate this data scarcity,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-09 Marina Domínguez , Yordanka Velikova , Nassir Navab , Mohammad Farid Azampour

Medical image segmentation often involves inherent uncertainty due to variations in expert annotations. Capturing this uncertainty is an important goal and previous works have used various generative image models for the purpose of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Jakob Lønborg Christensen , Morten Rieger Hannemose , Anders Bjorholm Dahl , Vedrana Andersen Dahl

Low-dose computed tomography (CT) denoising is crucial for reduced radiation exposure while ensuring diagnostically acceptable image quality. Despite significant advancements driven by deep learning (DL) in recent years, existing DL-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Zhihao Chen , Qi Gao , Zilong Li , Junping Zhang , Yi Zhang , Jun Zhao , Hongming Shan

Image generation is a prevailing technique for clinical data augmentation for advancing diagnostic accuracy and reducing healthcare disparities. Diffusion Model (DM) has become a leading method in generating synthetic medical images, but it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Ruichen Zhang , Yuguang Yao , Zhen Tan , Zhiming Li , Pan Wang , Huan Liu , Jingtong Hu , Sijia Liu , Tianlong Chen

Segmentation masks of pathological areas are useful in many medical applications, such as brain tumour and stroke management. Moreover, healthy counterfactuals of diseased images can be used to enhance radiologists' training files and to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-02 Alessandro Fontanella , Grant Mair , Joanna Wardlaw , Emanuele Trucco , Amos Storkey

High-resolution image synthesis remains a core challenge in generative modeling, particularly in balancing computational efficiency with the preservation of fine-grained visual detail. We present Latent Wavelet Diffusion (LWD), a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Luigi Sigillo , Shengfeng He , Danilo Comminiello

Positron emission tomography (PET) is an advanced medical imaging technique that plays a crucial role in non-invasive clinical diagnosis. However, while reducing radiation exposure through low-dose PET scans is beneficial for patient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Bin Huang , Xubiao Liu , Lei Fang , Qiegen Liu , Bingxuan Li

Stable Diffusion Models (SDMs) have shown remarkable proficiency in image synthesis. However, their broad application is impeded by their large model sizes and intensive computational requirements, which typically require expensive cloud…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Chenqian Yan , Songwei Liu , Hongjian Liu , Xurui Peng , Xiaojian Wang , Fangmin Chen , Lean Fu , Xing Mei

Despite the increasing use of deep learning in medical image segmentation, the limited availability of annotated training data remains a major challenge due to the time-consuming data acquisition and privacy regulations. In the context of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-11 Aghiles Kebaili , Jérôme Lapuyade-Lahorgue , Pierre Vera , Su Ruan

This paper identifies OpenSDI, a challenge for spotting diffusion-generated images in open-world settings. In response to this challenge, we define a new benchmark, the OpenSDI dataset (OpenSDID), which stands out from existing datasets due…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Yabin Wang , Zhiwu Huang , Xiaopeng Hong

Powered by multimodal text-to-image priors, diffusion-based super-resolution excels at synthesizing intricate details; however, models trained on synthetic low-resolution (LR) and high-resolution (HR) image pairs often degrade when applied…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Zihao Fan , Xin Lu , Yidi Liu , Jie Huang , Dong Li , Xueyang Fu , Baocai Yin

Accurate longitudinal analysis of brain MRI is often hindered by evolving lesions, which bias automated neuroimaging pipelines. While deep generative models have shown promise in inpainting these lesions, most existing methods operate…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-09 Zahra Karimaghaloo , Dumitru Fetco , Haz-Edine Assemlal , Hassan Rivaz , Douglas L. Arnold

Distributional drift detection is important in medical applications as it helps ensure the accuracy and reliability of models by identifying changes in the underlying data distribution that could affect the prediction results of machine…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-12 Yusen Wu , Phuong Nguyen , Rose Yesha , Yelena Yesha

Accurate medical image segmentation is fundamental to precision medicine, yet robust delineation remains challenging under heterogeneous appearances, ambiguous boundaries, and large anatomical variability. Similar intensity and texture…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Zhiquan Chen , Haitao Wang , Guowei Zou , Hejun Wu

Clinical application of high-resolution diffusion MRI is hindered by hardware limitations and prohibitive scan times, motivating computational super-resolution. This study investigates the efficacy of a feature-based loss function in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-18 David Lohr , Rene Werner

Objective: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, and demyelinating disease that leads to lesions in the central nervous system. This disease can be tracked and diagnosed using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Up to now a multitude of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-07 Mehdi SadeghiBakhi , Hamidreza Pourreza , Hamidreza Mahyar

Positron emission tomography (PET) scans expose patients to radiation, which can be mitigated by reducing the dose, albeit at the cost of diminished quality. This makes low-dose (LD) PET recovery an active research area. Previous studies…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-11 Ghulam Nabi Ahmad Hassan Yar , Himashi Peiris , Victoria Mar , Cameron Dennis Pain , Zhaolin Chen

Light field (LF) depth estimation plays a crucial role in many LF-based applications. Existing LF depth estimation methods consider depth estimation as a regression problem, where a pixel-wise L1 loss is employed to supervise the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Wentao Chao , Xuechun Wang , Yingqian Wang , Guanghui Wang , Fuqing Duan