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Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have enabled a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks to be performed through simple prompt-based interactions. Consequently, several approaches have been proposed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Artem Chernodub , Aman Saini , Yejin Huh , Vivek Kulkarni , Vipul Raheja

Vision generation remains a challenging frontier in artificial intelligence, requiring seamless integration of visual understanding and generative capabilities. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, Vision-Driven Prompt Optimization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Leo Franklin , Apiradee Boonmee , Kritsada Wongsuwan

Flow-based generative models, including diffusion models, excel at modeling continuous distributions in high-dimensional spaces. In this work, we introduce Flow Policy Optimization (FPO), a simple on-policy reinforcement learning algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 David McAllister , Songwei Ge , Brent Yi , Chung Min Kim , Ethan Weber , Hongsuk Choi , Haiwen Feng , Angjoo Kanazawa

Reinforcement learning algorithms such as GRPO have driven recent advances in large language model (LLM) reasoning. While scaling the number of rollouts stabilizes training, existing approaches suffer from limited exploration on challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Udbhav Bamba , Minghao Fang , Yifan Yu , Haizhong Zheng , Fan Lai

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adapted to downstream tasks via reinforcement learning (RL) methods like Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), which often require thousands of rollouts to learn new tasks. We argue that…

Flow matching models (FMs) have revolutionized text-to-image (T2I) generation, with reinforcement learning (RL) serving as a critical post-training strategy for alignment with reward objectives. In this research, we show that current RL…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Fu-Yun Wang , Han Zhang , Michael Gharbi , Hongsheng Li , Taesung Park

Prompt engineering can significantly improve the performance of large language models (LLMs), with automated prompt optimization (APO) gaining significant attention due to the time-consuming and laborious nature of manual prompt design.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Wenxin Luo , Weirui Wang , Xiaopeng Li , Weibo Zhou , Pengyue Jia , Xiangyu Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various domains, motivating researchers to investigate their potential use in recommendation systems. However, directly applying LLMs to recommendation tasks has…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Zhuoxi Bai , Ning Wu , Fengyu Cai , Xinyi Zhu , Yun Xiong

Recent advances in text-to-image diffusion models have achieved impressive image generation capabilities. However, it remains challenging to control the generation process with desired properties (e.g., aesthetic quality, user intention),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Taeyoung Yun , Dinghuai Zhang , Jinkyoo Park , Ling Pan

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved great success across diverse tasks, and fine-tuning is sometimes needed to further enhance generation quality. Most existing methods rely on human supervision or parameter retraining, both of which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zhen-Yu Zhang , Jiandong Zhang , Huaxiu Yao , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Logical reasoning is a key task for artificial intelligence due to it's role in major downstream tasks such as Question Answering, Summarization. Recent methods in improving the reasoning ability of LLMs fall short in correctly converting a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Koushik Viswanadha , Deepanway Ghosal , Somak Aditya

The incorporation of online reinforcement learning (RL) into diffusion and flow-based generative models has recently gained attention as a powerful paradigm for aligning model behavior with human preferences. By leveraging stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yujie Zhou , Pengyang Ling , Jiazi Bu , Yibin Wang , Yuhang Zang , Jiaqi Wang , Li Niu , Guangtao Zhai

How can Large Language Models (LLMs) be aligned with human intentions and values? A typical solution is to gather human preference on model outputs and finetune the LLMs accordingly while ensuring that updates do not deviate too far from a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Hung Le , Quan Tran , Dung Nguyen , Kien Do , Saloni Mittal , Kelechi Ogueji , Svetha Venkatesh

Speech representations learned from Self-supervised learning (SSL) models can benefit various speech processing tasks. However, utilizing SSL representations usually requires fine-tuning the pre-trained models or designing task-specific…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-12 Kai-Wei Chang , Wei-Cheng Tseng , Shang-Wen Li , Hung-yi Lee

The efficacy of large language models (LLMs) in understanding and generating natural language has aroused a wide interest in developing prompt-based methods to harness the power of black-box LLMs. Existing methodologies usually prioritize a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Wenyang Hu , Yao Shu , Zongmin Yu , Zhaoxuan Wu , Xiangqiang Lin , Zhongxiang Dai , See-Kiong Ng , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in various domains, showing impressive potential on different tasks. Recently, reasoning LLMs have been proposed to improve the \textit{reasoning} or \textit{thinking} capabilities of LLMs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Jiahao Yu , Zelei Cheng , Xian Wu , Xinyu Xing

Recent advances in Large Language Models have led to remarkable achievements across a variety of Natural Language Processing tasks, making prompt engineering increasingly central to guiding model outputs. While manual methods can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Wendi Cui , Zhuohang Li , Hao Sun , Damien Lopez , Kamalika Das , Bradley A. Malin , Sricharan Kumar , Jiaxin Zhang

Prompt optimization improves the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) without requiring parameter updates to the target model. Following heuristic-based "Think step by step" approaches, the field has evolved in two main…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Andreea Nica , Ivan Zakazov , Nicolas Mario Baldwin , Saibo Geng , Robert West

The Generative Flow Network is a probabilistic framework where an agent learns a stochastic policy for object generation, such that the probability of generating an object is proportional to a given reward function. Its effectiveness has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Ling Pan , Dinghuai Zhang , Aaron Courville , Longbo Huang , Yoshua Bengio

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) have been introduced as a method to sample a diverse set of candidates in an active learning context, with a training objective that makes them approximately sample in proportion to a given reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yoshua Bengio , Salem Lahlou , Tristan Deleu , Edward J. Hu , Mo Tiwari , Emmanuel Bengio
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