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Text-to-image diffusion models have shown impressive capabilities in generating realistic visuals from natural-language prompts, yet they often struggle with accurately binding attributes to corresponding objects, especially in prompts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Do Huu Dat , Nam Hyeonu , Po-Yuan Mao , Tae-Hyun Oh

This paper explores the possibility of learning custom tokens for representing new concepts in Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Our aim is to learn tokens that can be effective for both discriminative and generative tasks while composing well…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Pramuditha Perera , Matthew Trager , Luca Zancato , Alessandro Achille , Stefano Soatto

Recent advances in generative recommenders adopt a two-stage paradigm: items are first tokenized into semantic IDs using a pretrained tokenizer, and then large language models (LLMs) are trained to generate the next item via…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yifan Liu , Yaokun Liu , Zelin Li , Zhenrui Yue , Gyuseok Lee , Ruichen Yao , Yang Zhang , Dong Wang

Accurate and effective discrete image tokenization is crucial for long image sequence processing. However, current methods rigidly compress all content at a fixed rate, ignoring the variable information density of images and leading to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiusheng Huang , Xin Jiang , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu , Yequan Wang

In this paper, we study the compositional learning of images and texts for image retrieval. The query is given in the form of an image and text that describes the desired modifications to the image; the goal is to retrieve the target image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Minchul Shin , Yoonjae Cho , Byungsoo Ko , Geonmo Gu

Unified models aim to support both understanding and generation by encoding images into discrete tokens and processing them alongside text within a single autoregressive framework. This unified design offers architectural simplicity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ziyao Wang , Chen Chen , Jingtao Li , Weiming Zhuang , Jiabo Huang , Ang Li , Lingjuan Lyu

Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) is a widely used inference-time technique to boost the image quality of diffusion models. Yet, its reliance on text conditions prevents its use in unconditional generation. We propose a simple method to enable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Weijia Zhang , Yuehao Liu , Shanyan Guan , Wu Ran , Yanhao Ge , Wei Li , Chao Ma

Addressing the limitations of text as a source of accurate layout representation in text-conditional diffusion models, many works incorporate additional signals to condition certain attributes within a generated image. Although successful,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Jonghyun Lee , Hansam Cho , Youngjoon Yoo , Seoung Bum Kim , Yonghyun Jeong

Diffusion probabilistic models have achieved enormous success in the field of image generation and manipulation. In this paper, we explore a novel paradigm of using the diffusion model and classifier guidance in the latent semantic space…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Changhao Shi , Haomiao Ni , Kai Li , Shaobo Han , Mingfu Liang , Martin Renqiang Min

While modern diffusion models excel at generating high-quality and diverse images, they still struggle with high-fidelity compositional and multimodal control, particularly when users simultaneously specify text prompts, subject references,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yusuf Dalva , Guocheng Gordon Qian , Maya Goldenberg , Tsai-Shien Chen , Kfir Aberman , Sergey Tulyakov , Pinar Yanardag , Kuan-Chieh Jackson Wang

In autoregressive (AR) image generation, visual tokenizers compress images into compact discrete latent tokens, enabling efficient training of downstream autoregressive models for visual generation via next-token prediction. While scaling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Tianwei Xiong , Jun Hao Liew , Zilong Huang , Jiashi Feng , Xihui Liu

Image composition targets at synthesizing a realistic composite image from a pair of foreground and background images. Recently, generative composition methods are built on large pretrained diffusion models to generate composite images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Bo Zhang , Yuxuan Duan , Jun Lan , Yan Hong , Huijia Zhu , Weiqiang Wang , Li Niu

In this work, we present a novel direction to build an image tokenizer directly on top of a frozen vision foundation model, which is a largely underexplored area. Specifically, we employ a frozen vision foundation model as the encoder of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Anlin Zheng , Xin Wen , Xuanyang Zhang , Chuofan Ma , Tiancai Wang , Gang Yu , Xiangyu Zhang , Xiaojuan Qi

Text and faces are among the most perceptually salient and practically important patterns in visual generation, yet they remain challenging for autoregressive generators built on discrete tokenization. A central bottleneck is the tokenizer:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yang Yue , Fangyun Wei , Tianyu He , Jinjing Zhao , Zanlin Ni , Zeyu Liu , Jiayi Guo , Lei Shi , Yue Dong , Li Chen , Ji Li , Gao Huang , Dong Chen

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable advancements in text-to-image generation. However, existing models still have many difficulties when faced with multiple-object compositional generation. In this paper, we propose RealCompo, a new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xinchen Zhang , Ling Yang , Yaqi Cai , Zhaochen Yu , Kai-Ni Wang , Jiake Xie , Ye Tian , Minkai Xu , Yong Tang , Yujiu Yang , Bin Cui

Audio tokenization bridges continuous waveforms and multi-track music language models. In dual-track modeling, tokens should preserve three properties at once: high-fidelity reconstruction, strong predictability under a language model, and…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Rui Lin , Zhiyue Wu , Jiahe Le , Kangdi Wang , Weixiong Chen , Junyu Dai , Tao Jiang

Text-to-Image (T2I) generation has long been an open problem, with compositional synthesis remaining particularly challenging. This task requires accurate rendering of complex scenes containing multiple objects that exhibit diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Shijian Wang , Runhao Fu , Siyi Zhao , Qingqin Zhan , Xingjian Wang , Jiarui Jin , Yuan Lu , Hanqian Wu , Cunjian Chen

We argue that diffusion models' success in modeling complex distributions is, for the most part, coming from their input conditioning. This paper investigates the representation used to condition diffusion models from the perspective that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Samuel Lavoie , Michael Noukhovitch , Aaron Courville

The development of unified multimodal large language models (MLLMs) is fundamentally challenged by the granularity gap between visual understanding and generation: understanding requires high-level semantic abstractions, while image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yan Li , Ning Liao , Xiangyu Zhao , Shaofeng Zhang , Xiaoxing Wang , Yifan Yang , Junchi Yan , Xue Yang

In this paper, we present token labeling -- a new training objective for training high-performance vision transformers (ViTs). Different from the standard training objective of ViTs that computes the classification loss on an additional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Zihang Jiang , Qibin Hou , Li Yuan , Daquan Zhou , Yujun Shi , Xiaojie Jin , Anran Wang , Jiashi Feng