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We introduce TimeSeek, a benchmark for studying how the reliability of agentic LLM forecasters changes over a prediction market's lifecycle. We evaluate 10 frontier models on 150 CFTC-regulated Kalshi binary markets at five temporal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Hamza Mostafa , Om Shastri , Dennis Lee

While Large language model (LLM)-based programming assistants such as CoPilot and ChatGPT can help improve the productivity of professional software developers, they can also facilitate cheating in introductory computer programming courses.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Saiful Islam Salim , Rubin Yuchan Yang , Alexander Cooper , Suryashree Ray , Saumya Debray , Sazzadur Rahaman

Hyperscale large language model (LLM) inference places extraordinary demands on cloud systems, where even brief failures can translate into significant user and business impact. To better understand and mitigate these risks, we present one…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Bhala Ranganathan , Mickey Zhang , Kai Wu

With the growing adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) in automating complex, multi-agent workflows, organizations face mounting risks from errors, emergent behaviors, and systemic failures that current evaluation methods fail to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-19 NVJK Kartik , Garvit Sapra , Rishav Hada , Nikhil Pareek

Large language models (LLMs) show potential as simulators of human behavior, offering a scalable way to study responses to interventions. However, because LLMs are trained largely on observational data, interventions in experiments with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Victoria Lin , Taedong Yun , Maja Matarić , John Canny , Arthur Gretton , Alexander D'Amour

Accurate and robust trajectory predictions of road users are needed to enable safe automated driving. To do this, machine learning models are often used, which can show erratic behavior when presented with previously unseen inputs. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Manuel Muñoz Sánchez , Emilia Silvas , Jos Elfring , René van de Molengraft

Web agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can autonomously perform complex, multistep tasks in dynamic web environments. However, current evaluations mostly focus on the overall success while overlooking intermediate errors. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Daniel Röder , Akhil Juneja , Roland Roller , Sven Schmeier

Large language models (LLMs) are commonly evaluated on tasks that test their knowledge or reasoning abilities. In this paper, we explore a different type of evaluation: whether an LLM can predict aspects of its own responses. Since LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Elon Ezra , Ariel Weizman , Amos Azaria

As LLMs are increasingly deployed as agents, reliable assessment of their agentic capabilities has become essential. However, reported benchmark scores often jointly reflect model capability and the implementation choices each benchmark is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Pengyu Zhu , Lijun Li , Yaxing Lyu , Qianxin Luo , Jingyi Yang , Yi Liu , Tingfeng Hui , Xinyu Yuan , Li Sun , Sen Su , Jing Shao

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as automatic evaluators of generative AI outputs, a paradigm often referred to as "LLM-as-a-judge." In practice, LLM judges are imperfect predictions for the underlying truth and can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Yiqun T Chen , Sizhu Lu , Sijia Li , Moran Guo , Shengyi Li

Despite their remarkable success, large language models (LLMs) have shown limited ability on safety-critical code tasks such as vulnerability detection. Typically, static analysis (SA) tools, like CodeQL, CodeGuru Security, etc., are used…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Ira Ceka , Feitong Qiao , Anik Dey , Aastha Valecha , Gail Kaiser , Baishakhi Ray

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great potential in Automated Program Repair (APR). Test inputs, being crucial for reasoning the root cause of failures, are always included in the prompt for LLM-based APR. Unfortunately, LLMs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Boyang Yang , Luyao Ren , Xin Yin , Jiadong Ren , Haoye Tian , Shunfu Jin

AI models might use deceptive strategies as part of scheming or misaligned behaviour. Monitoring outputs alone is insufficient, since the AI might produce seemingly benign outputs while their internal reasoning is misaligned. We thus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Nicholas Goldowsky-Dill , Bilal Chughtai , Stefan Heimersheim , Marius Hobbhahn

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly coordinate in multi-agent systems, yet we lack an understanding of where and why cooperation failures may arise. In many real-world coordination problems, from knowledge sharing in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Advait Yadav , Sid Black , Oliver Sourbut

New Large Language Models (LLMs) become available every few weeks, and modern application developers confronted with the unenviable task of having to decide if they should switch to a new model. While human evaluation remains the gold…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Suryaansh Jain , Umair Z. Ahmed , Shubham Sahai , Ben Leong

Pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance across a wide range of tasks, yet exhibit substantial variability in the various layers' training quality with respect to specific downstream applications, limiting their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Hadi Askari , Shivanshu Gupta , Fei Wang , Anshuman Chhabra , Muhao Chen

As Large Language Models transition to autonomous agents, user inputs frequently violate cooperative assumptions (e.g., implicit intent, missing parameters, false presuppositions, or ambiguous expressions), creating execution risks that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Han Bao , Zheyuan Zhang , Pengcheng Jing , Zhengqing Yuan , Kaiwen Shi , Yanfang Ye

Before adopting a new large language model (LLM) architecture, it is critical to understand vulnerabilities accurately. Existing evaluations can be difficult to trust, often drawing conclusions from LLMs that are not meaningfully…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Mary Llewellyn , Annie Gray , Josh Collyer , Michael Harries

He et al. (2018) have called into question the utility of pre-training by showing that training from scratch can often yield similar performance to pre-training. We show that although pre-training may not improve performance on traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Dan Hendrycks , Kimin Lee , Mantas Mazeika

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown great potential for autonomous decision-making in the cybersecurity domain, enabling agents to learn through direct environment interaction. However, RL agents in Autonomous Cyber Operations (ACO)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Konur Tholl , François Rivest , Mariam El Mezouar , Adrian Taylor , Ranwa Al Mallah