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The lambda calculus with constructors is an extension of the lambda calculus with variadic constructors. It decomposes the pattern-matching a la ML into a case analysis on constants and a commutation rule between case and application…
We spell out the paradigm of exact conditioning as an intuitive and powerful way of conditioning on observations in probabilistic programs. This is contrasted with likelihood-based scoring known from languages such as Stan. We study exact…
In functional programming, point-free relation calculi have been fruitful for general theories of program construction, but for specific applications pointwise expressions can be more convenient and comprehensible. In imperative…
Many of the existing approaches for program comprehension rely on the linguistic information found in source code, such as identifier names and comments. Semantic clustering is one such technique for modularization of the system that relies…
Pragmatics and non-literal language understanding are essential to human communication, and present a long-standing challenge for artificial language models. We perform a fine-grained comparison of language models and humans on seven…
Wadler and Thiemann unified type-and-effect systems with monadic semantics via a syntactic correspondence and soundness results with respect to an operational semantics. They conjecture that a general, "coherent" denotational semantics can…
In this paper, we present an approach to define the semantics for object-oriented modeling languages. One important property of this semantics is to support underspecified and incomplete models. To this end, semantics is given as predicates…
The neural architectures of language models are becoming increasingly complex, especially that of Transformers, based on the attention mechanism. Although their application to numerous natural language processing tasks has proven to be very…
Effect algebras form a formal algebraic description of the structure of the so-called effects in a Hilbert space which serves as an event-state space for effects in quantum mechanics. This is why effect algebras are considered as logics of…
Classic grammars and regular expressions can be used for a variety of purposes, including parsing, intent detection, and matching. However, the comparisons are performed at a structural level, with constituent elements (words or characters)…
This thesis deals with the specification and construction of syntax and operational semantics of a programming language. We work with a general notion of signature for specifying objects of a given category as initial objects in a suitable…
In this article, we discuss a flow--sensitive analysis of equality relationships for imperative programs. We describe its semantic domains, general purpose operations over abstract computational states (term evaluation and identification,…
Strong monads are important for several applications, in particular, in the denotational semantics of effectful languages, where strength is needed to sequence computations that have free variables. Strength is non-trivial: it can be…
We propose a generalization of first-order logic originating in a neglected work by C.C. Chang: a natural and generic correspondence language for any types of structures which can be recast as Set-coalgebras. We discuss axiomatization and…
Effector is a Python package for interpreting machine learning (ML) models that are trained on tabular data through global and regional feature effects. Global effects, like Partial Dependence Plot (PDP) and Accumulated Local Effects (ALE),…
The development of mechanised language specification based on structured operational semantics, with applications to verified compilers and sound program analysis, requires huge effort. General theory and frameworks have been proposed to…
In this paper we have defined the language theoretical properties of Parallel languages and series parallel languages. Parallel languages and Series parallel languages play vital roles in parallel processing and many applications in…
In this paper, we present a novel framework for studying the syntactic completeness of computational effects and we apply it to the exception effect. When applied to the states effect, our framework can be seen as a generalization of…
Functional languages with strong static type systems have beneficial properties to help ensure program correctness and reliability. Surprisingly, their practical significance in applications is low relative to other languages lacking in…
Pre-trained language models are effective in a variety of natural language tasks, but it has been argued their capabilities fall short of fully learning meaning or understanding language. To understand the extent to which language models…