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We investigate whether chemical processes can perform in-context learning (ICL), a mode of computation typically associated with transformer architectures. ICL allows a system to infer task-specific rules from a sequence of examples without…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-01-13 Carlos Floyd , Hector Manuel Lopez Rios , Aaron R. Dinner , Suriyanarayanan Vaikuntanathan

Transformers have demonstrated exceptional in-context learning (ICL) capabilities, enabling applications across natural language processing, computer vision, and sequential decision-making. In reinforcement learning, ICL reframes learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Oliver Dippel , Alexei Lisitsa , Bei Peng

Diffusion-based generative models' impressive ability to create convincing images has garnered global attention. However, their complex internal structures and operations often pose challenges for non-experts to grasp. We introduce…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Seongmin Lee , Benjamin Hoover , Hendrik Strobelt , Zijie J. Wang , ShengYun Peng , Austin Wright , Kevin Li , Haekyu Park , Haoyang Yang , Polo Chau

In-context learning (ICL), a predominant trend in instruction learning, aims at enhancing the performance of large language models by providing clear task guidance and examples, improving their capability in task understanding and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Cheng Chen , Yunpeng Zhai , Yifan Zhao , Jinyang Gao , Bolin Ding , Jia Li

The rapid advancement of generative models has intensified the challenge of detecting and interpreting visual forgeries, necessitating robust frameworks for image forgery detection while providing reasoning as well as localization. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Ipsita Praharaj , Yukta Butala , Badrikanath Praharaj , Yash Butala

Visual In-Context Learning (VICL) has emerged as a prominent approach for adapting visual foundation models to novel tasks, by effectively exploiting contextual information embedded in in-context examples, which can be formulated as a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Wenxiao Wu , Jing-Hao Xue , Chengming Xu , Chen Liu , Xinwei Sun , Changxin Gao , Nong Sang , Yanwei Fu

In-context learning (ICL) is an effective approach to help large language models (LLMs) adapt to various tasks by providing demonstrations of the target task. Considering the high cost of labeling demonstrations, many methods propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Dingzirui Wang , Xuanliang Zhang , Qiguang Chen , Longxu Dou , Xiao Xu , Rongyu Cao , Yingwei Ma , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che , Binhua Li , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

In-Context Learning (ICL) has gained prominence due to its ability to perform tasks without requiring extensive training data and its robustness to noisy labels. A typical ICL workflow involves selecting localized examples relevant to a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Janak Kapuriya , Manit Kaushik , Debasis Ganguly , Sumit Bhatia

In-context learning (ICL) allows large language models (LLMs) to solve novel tasks without weight updates. Despite its empirical success, the mechanism behind ICL remains poorly understood, limiting our ability to interpret, improve, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Chengye Li , Haiyun Liu , Yuanxi Li

Recent advancements in video large multimodal models (LMMs) have significantly improved their video understanding and reasoning capabilities. However, their performance drops on out-of-distribution (OOD) tasks that are underrepresented in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Kangsan Kim , Geon Park , Youngwan Lee , Woongyeong Yeo , Sung Ju Hwang

Despite its success, existing in-context learning (ICL) relies on in-domain expert demonstrations, limiting its applicability when expert annotations are scarce. We posit that different domains may share underlying reasoning structures,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Le Liu , Zhiming Li , Jianzhi Yan , Zike Yuan , Shiwei Chen , Youcheng Pan , Buzhou Tang , Qingcai Chen , Yang Xiang , Danny Dongning Sun

Automating medical report generation from histopathology images is a critical challenge requiring effective visual representations and domain-specific knowledge. Inspired by the common practices of human experts, we propose an in-context…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Shih-Wen Liu , Hsuan-Yu Fan , Wei-Ta Chu , Fu-En Yang , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang

Visual metaphors are powerful rhetorical devices used to persuade or communicate creative ideas through images. Similar to linguistic metaphors, they convey meaning implicitly through symbolism and juxtaposition of the symbols. We propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Tuhin Chakrabarty , Arkadiy Saakyan , Olivia Winn , Artemis Panagopoulou , Yue Yang , Marianna Apidianaki , Smaranda Muresan

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable in-context learning (ICL) capabilities on textual data. We explore whether these capabilities can be extended to continuous vectors from diverse domains, obtained from black-box pretrained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yufan Zhuang , Chandan Singh , Liyuan Liu , Jingbo Shang , Jianfeng Gao

The success of denoising diffusion models in representing rich data distributions over 2D raster images has prompted research on extending them to other data representations, such as vector graphics. Unfortunately due to their variable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Vikas Thamizharasan , Difan Liu , Matthew Fisher , Nanxuan Zhao , Evangelos Kalogerakis , Michal Lukac

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), built on powerful language backbones, have enabled Multimodal In-Context Learning (MICL)-adapting to new tasks from a few multimodal demonstrations consisting of images, questions, and answers.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Shuo Chen , Jianzhe Liu , Zhen Han , Yan Xia , Daniel Cremers , Philip Torr , Volker Tresp , Jindong Gu

Diffusion Transformers have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in visual synthesis, yet they often struggle with high-level semantic reasoning and long-horizon planning. This limitation frequently leads to visual hallucinations and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Lun Huang , You Xie , Hongyi Xu , Tianpei Gu , Chenxu Zhang , Guoxian Song , Zenan Li , Xiaochen Zhao , Linjie Luo , Guillermo Sapiro

In-context Learning (ICL) empowers large language models (LLMs) to swiftly adapt to unseen tasks at inference-time by prefixing a few demonstration examples before queries. Despite its versatility, ICL incurs substantial computational and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Zhuowei Li , Zihao Xu , Ligong Han , Yunhe Gao , Song Wen , Di Liu , Hao Wang , Dimitris N. Metaxas

Recent text-only models demonstrate remarkable mathematical reasoning capabilities. Extending these to visual domains requires vision-language models to translate images into text descriptions. However, current models, trained to produce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 John Gkountouras , Ivan Titov

Following the impressive capabilities of in-context learning with large transformers, In-Context Imitation Learning (ICIL) is a promising opportunity for robotics. We introduce Instant Policy, which learns new tasks instantly (without…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Vitalis Vosylius , Edward Johns
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