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The physical origin of prompt emission in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) remains an open question since it has been studied more than half a century. Three alternative models (i.e. dissipative photosphere, internal shock, and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-27 Yang-Dong-Jun Ou , Hou-Jun Lü , Jia-Ming Chen , Ben-Yang Zhu , En-Wei Liang

There is no consensus on the emission mechanism of $\gamma$-ray bursts (GRBs). A synchrotron model can produce $\gamma$-ray spectra with the empirical Band function form, from a piece-wise two-power-law electron energy distribution (2EPLS).…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-09-06 Bruce Grossan , Pawan Kumar , George F. Smoot

Context. Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), observed at redshifts as high as 9.4, could serve as valuable probes for investigating the distant Universe. However, this necessitates an increase in the number of GRBs with determined redshifts, as…

The mechanism responsible for the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is still a debated issue. The prompt phase-related GRB correlations can allow to discriminate among the most plausible theoretical models explaining this emission.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-02-01 Maria Dainotti , Roberta Del Vecchio , Mariusz Tarnopolski

The detection of x-ray afterglows of gamma-ray burst (GRB) sources has enabled the optical discovery that GRBs are at cosmological distances, which confirms that the enormous luminosities required must produce a relativistically expanding…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Jonathan E. Grindlay

We calculate the prompt x-ray emission as a function of viewing angle for beamed Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) sources. Prompt x-rays are inevitable due to the less highly blueshifted photons emitted at angles greater than 1/gamma relative to the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Eric Woods , Abraham Loeb

Recent evidence appears to link gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) to star-forming regions in galaxies at cosmological distances. If short-lived massive stars are the progenitors of GRBs, the rate of events per unit cosmological volume should be an…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Cristiano Porciani , Piero Madau

The emission region of $\rm \gamma$-ray bursts (GRBs) is poorly constrained. The uncertainty on the size of the dissipation site spans over 4 orders of magnitude ($\rm 10^{12}-10^{17}$ cm) depending on the unknown energy composition of the…

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the universe's most energetic phenomena (isotropic luminosity $\sim 10^{51} - 10^{54}$ ergs/s) lasting for a very short duration ($\sim$ milliseconds - a few seconds). Even after an average of one GRB detected…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-13 Soumya Gupta , Sunder Sahayanathan , Saharsh Shanu , Rishabh Nath

Correlation studies of prompt and afterglow emissions from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) between different spectral bands has been difficult to do in the past because few bursts had comprehensive and intercomparable afterglow measurements. In…

We examine the rest frame energetics of 76 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with known redshift that were detected by the Swift spacecraft and monitored by the satellite's X-ray Telescope (XRT). Using the bolometric fluence values estimated in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Daniel Kocevski , Nathaniel Butler

In this work we present spectra of all $\gamma$-ray burst (GRB) afterglows that have been promptly observed with the X-shooter spectrograph until 31-03-2017. In total, we obtained spectroscopic observations of 103 individual GRBs observed…

We have computed the luminosity rest frame light curves of the first 40 Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by Swift with well established redshift. We studied average properties of the light curves in the four subsamples of bursts given by…

In the redshift range z = 0-1, the gamma ray burst (GRB) redshift distribution should increase rapidly because of increasing differential volume sizes and strong evolution in the star formation rate. This feature is not observed in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-05-24 D. M. Coward , D. Guetta , R. R. Burman , A. Imerito

We present a carefully selected sub-sample of Swift Long Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs), that is complete in redshift. The sample is constructed by considering only bursts with favorable observing conditions for ground-based follow-up searches,…

We have used the 2- year Differential Microwave Radiometer data from the COsmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite to systematically search for millimetric (31 - 90 GHz) emission from the Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) in the Burst And Transient…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 S. Ali , R. K. Schaefer , M. Limon , L. Piccirillo

We jointly analyze the gamma-ray burst (GRB) data observed with BAT and XRT on board the Swift mission to present a global view on the internal energy dissipation processes in GRBs, including precursors, prompt gamma-ray emission, extended…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-19 You-Dong Hu , En-Wei Liang , Shao-Qiang Xi , Fang-Kun Peng , Rui-Jing Lu , Lian-Zhong LV , Bing Zhang

We find that dim gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are softer than bright GRBs, as indicated on average by data from the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) on board the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. We show that this correlation is…

Several hundred gamma-ray burst (GRB) redshifts have been determined to date. One of the other important properties-besides the distance-of the GRBs is the duration of the burst. In this paper, we analyse these two important quantities of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-06-30 I. Horvath , I. I. Racz , Z. Bagoly , L. G. Balazs , S. Pinter

Here we propose a new gamma-ray burst (GRB) mission, the Next Generation Rapid-Response GRB Observatory (NGRG). As with Swift, GRBs are initially located with a coded-mask X-ray camera. However, the NGRG has two new features: First, a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Bruce Grossan , Pawan Kumar , Daniel Perley , George F. Smoot