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Generating a description of an image is called image captioning. Image captioning requires to recognize the important objects, their attributes and their relationships in an image. It also needs to generate syntactically and semantically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Md. Zakir Hossain , Ferdous Sohel , Mohd Fairuz Shiratuddin , Hamid Laga

Audio captioning is a multi-modal task, focusing on using natural language for describing the contents of general audio. Most audio captioning methods are based on deep neural networks, employing an encoder-decoder scheme and a dataset with…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Emre Çakır , Konstantinos Drossos , Tuomas Virtanen

While deep-learning models have been shown to perform well on image-to-text datasets, it is difficult to use them in practice for captioning images. This is because captions traditionally tend to be context-dependent and offer complementary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Shinjini Ghosh , Sagnik Anupam

Data profiling is critical in machine learning for generating descriptive statistics, supporting both deeper understanding and downstream tasks like data valuation and curation. This work addresses profiling specifically in the context of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Pankaj Thorat , Adnan Qidwai , Adrija Dhar , Aishwariya Chakraborty , Anand Eswaran , Hima Patel , Praveen Jayachandran

The advent of large (visual) language models (LLM / LVLM) have led to a deluge of automated human-like systems in several domains including social media content generation, search and recommendation, healthcare prognosis, AI assistants for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Sauptik Dhar , Nicholas Buoncristiani , Joe Anakata , Haoyu Zhang , Michelle Munson

We have seen remarkable success in representation learning and language models (LMs) using deep neural networks. Many studies aim to build the underlying connections among different modalities via the alignment and mappings at the token or…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Daniel Chin , Gus Xia

Recently, the AI community has made significant strides in developing powerful foundation models, driven by large-scale multimodal datasets. However, for audio representation learning, existing datasets suffer from limitations in the…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Luoyi Sun , Xuenan Xu , Mengyue Wu , Weidi Xie

Image captioning has focused on generalizing to images drawn from the same distribution as the training set, and not to the more challenging problem of generalizing to different distributions of images. Recently, Nikolaus et al. (2019)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Emanuele Bugliarello , Desmond Elliott

Image captioning model is a cross-modality knowledge discovery task, which targets at automatically describing an image with an informative and coherent sentence. To generate the captions, the previous encoder-decoder frameworks directly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Ziwei Wang , Yadan Luo , Zi Huang

How does textual representation of audio relate to the Large Language Model's (LLMs) learning about the audio world? This research investigates the extent to which LLMs can be prompted to generate audio, despite their primary training in…

Recent open-vocabulary detectors achieve promising performance with abundant region-level annotated data. In this work, we show that an open-vocabulary detector co-training with a large language model by generating image-level detailed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Shenghao Fu , Qize Yang , Qijie Mo , Junkai Yan , Xihan Wei , Jingke Meng , Xiaohua Xie , Wei-Shi Zheng

Human languages are full of metaphorical expressions. Metaphors help people understand the world by connecting new concepts and domains to more familiar ones. Large pre-trained language models (PLMs) are therefore assumed to encode…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Ehsan Aghazadeh , Mohsen Fayyaz , Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh

Image captioning requires numerous annotated image-text pairs, resulting in substantial annotation costs. Recently, large models (e.g. diffusion models and large language models) have excelled in producing high-quality images and text. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Feipeng Ma , Yizhou Zhou , Fengyun Rao , Yueyi Zhang , Xiaoyan Sun

Recent advances in text-to-image (T2I) generation have enabled visually coherent image synthesis from descriptions, but generating images containing multiple given subjects remains challenging. As the number of reference identities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yucheng Zhou , Dubing Chen , Huan Zheng , Jianbing Shen

In the rapidly evolving field of Explainable Natural Language Processing (NLP), textual explanations, i.e., human-like rationales, are pivotal for explaining model predictions and enriching datasets with interpretable labels. Traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Mahdi Dhaini , Juraj Vladika , Ege Erdogan , Zineb Attaoui , Gjergji Kasneci

Image captioning is a task in the field of Artificial Intelligence that merges between computer vision and natural language processing. It is responsible for generating legends that describe images, and has various applications like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Ahmed Elhagry , Karima Kadaoui

Content metadata plays a very important role in movie recommender systems as it provides valuable information about various aspects of a movie such as genre, cast, plot synopsis, box office summary, etc. Analyzing the metadata can help…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Saurabh Agrawal , John Trenkle , Jaya Kawale

The emergence of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) presents new opportunities for chart understanding. However, due to the fine-grained nature of these tasks, applying MLLMs typically requires large, high-quality datasets for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yifan Wu , Lutao Yan , Leixian Shen , Yinan Mei , Jiannan Wang , Yuyu Luo

Pre-training decoder-only language models relies on vast amounts of high-quality data, yet the availability of such data is increasingly reaching its limits. While metadata is commonly used to create and curate these datasets, its potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Sebastian Sztwiertnia , Felix Friedrich , Kristian Kersting , Patrick Schramowski , Björn Deiseroth

Automated audio captioning is a cross-modal translation task that aims to generate natural language descriptions for given audio clips. This task has received increasing attention with the release of freely available datasets in recent…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-28 Xinhao Mei , Xubo Liu , Mark D. Plumbley , Wenwu Wang