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Language models can retain dangerous knowledge and skills even after extensive safety fine-tuning, posing both misuse and misalignment risks. Recent studies show that even specialized unlearning methods can be easily reversed. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Filip Sondej , Yushi Yang , Mikołaj Kniejski , Marcel Windys

Consistency regularization is a commonly-used technique for semi-supervised and self-supervised learning. It is an auxiliary objective function that encourages the prediction of the network to be similar in the vicinity of the observed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Erik Englesson , Hossein Azizpour

This study explores the learnability of memory-less and memory-augmented RNNs, which are theoretically equivalent to Pushdown Automata. Empirical results show that these models often fail to generalize on longer sequences, relying more on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Shrabon Das , Ankur Mali

Robust unlearning is crucial for safely deploying large language models (LLMs) in environments where data privacy, model safety, and regulatory compliance must be ensured. Yet the task is inherently challenging, partly due to difficulties…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Vineeth Dorna , Anmol Mekala , Wenlong Zhao , Andrew McCallum , Zachary C. Lipton , J. Zico Kolter , Pratyush Maini

Current LLM unlearning methods face a critical security vulnerability that undermines their fundamental purpose: while they appear to successfully remove sensitive or harmful knowledge, this ``forgotten" information remains precariously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Wenhan Wu , Zheyuan Liu , Chongyang Gao , Ren Wang , Kaize Ding

Recent unlearning methods for LLMs are vulnerable to relearning attacks: knowledge believed-to-be-unlearned re-emerges by fine-tuning on a small set of (even seemingly-unrelated) examples. We study this phenomenon in a controlled setting…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse domains, but their performance can be severely degraded by noisy or corrupted training data. Conventional noise mitigation methods often rely on explicit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Deliang Jin , Gang Chen , Shuo Feng , Yufeng Ling , Haoran Zhu

Despite their impressive performance, deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been shown to be sensitive to small adversarial perturbations. These nuisances, which one can barely notice, are powerful enough to fool sophisticated and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-08-07 Yaniv Romano , Aviad Aberdam , Jeremias Sulam , Michael Elad

Learning exists in the context of data, yet notions of confidence typically focus on model predictions, not label quality. Confident learning (CL) is an alternative approach which focuses instead on label quality by characterizing and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-23 Curtis G. Northcutt , Lu Jiang , Isaac L. Chuang

The growing use of large language models in sensitive domains has exposed a critical weakness: the inability to ensure that private information can be permanently forgotten. Yet these systems still lack reliable mechanisms to guarantee that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 James Jin Kang , Dang Bui , Thanh Pham , Huo-Chong Ling

Deep neural networks (DNNs) fail to learn effectively under label noise and have been shown to memorize random labels which affect their generalization performance. We consider learning in isolation, using one-hot encoded labels as the sole…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Fahad Sarfraz , Elahe Arani , Bahram Zonooz

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable success in a variety of computer vision tasks, where massive labeled images are routinely required for model optimization. Yet, the data collected from the open world are unavoidably…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Peng Cui , Yang Yue , Zhijie Deng , Jun Zhu

Machine unlearning seeks to remove the influence of specific training data from a model, a need driven by privacy regulations and robustness concerns. Existing approaches typically modify model parameters, but such updates can be unstable,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Antonio Almudévar , Alfonso Ortega

Machine unlearning has become a pivotal task to erase the influence of data from a trained model. It adheres to recent data regulation standards and enhances the privacy and security of machine learning applications. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Jing Wu , Mehrtash Harandi

Recent data-privacy laws have sparked interest in machine unlearning, which involves removing the effect of specific training samples from a learnt model as if they were never present in the original training dataset. The challenge of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Tuan Hoang , Santu Rana , Sunil Gupta , Svetha Venkatesh

Machine unlearning techniques, which involve retracting data records and reducing influence of said data on trained models, help with the user privacy protection objective but incur significant computational costs. Weight perturbation-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Zhiwei Zuo , Zhuo Tang , Kenli Li , Anwitaman Datta

Removing information from a machine learning model is a non-trivial task that requires to partially revert the training process. This task is unavoidable when sensitive data, such as credit card numbers or passwords, accidentally enter the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Alexander Warnecke , Lukas Pirch , Christian Wressnegger , Konrad Rieck

Machine Learning models thrive on vast datasets, continuously adapting to provide accurate predictions and recommendations. However, in an era dominated by privacy concerns, Machine Unlearning emerges as a transformative approach, enabling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Robert Dilworth

Because large, human-annotated datasets suffer from labeling errors, it is crucial to be able to train deep neural networks in the presence of label noise. While training image classification models with label noise have received much…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Ishan Jindal , Daniel Pressel , Brian Lester , Matthew Nokleby

Machine unlearning (MUL) refers to the problem of making a pre-trained model selectively forget some training instances or class(es) while retaining performance on the remaining dataset. Existing MUL research involves fine-tuning using a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Soumya Roy , Soumya Banerjee , Vinay Verma , Soumik Dasgupta , Deepak Gupta , Piyush Rai