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Oncologists often rely on a multitude of data, including whole-slide images (WSIs), to guide therapeutic decisions, aiming for the best patient outcome. However, predicting the prognosis of cancer patients can be a challenging task due to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-01 M Rita Verdelho , Alexandre Bernardino , Catarina Barata

Learning good representation of giga-pixel level whole slide pathology images (WSI) for downstream tasks is critical. Previous studies employ multiple instance learning (MIL) to represent WSIs as bags of sampled patches because, for most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Chunyuan Li , Xinliang Zhu , Jiawen Yao , Junzhou Huang

Multiple instance learning (MIL) has become a preferred method for gigapixel whole slide image (WSI) classification without requiring patch-level annotations. Current MIL research primarily relies on embedding-based approaches, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Bryan Wong , Sungrae Hong , Mun Yong Yi

Multiple instance learning (MIL)-based framework has become the mainstream for processing the whole slide image (WSI) with giga-pixel size and hierarchical image context in digital pathology. However, these methods heavily depend on a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Jiangbo Shi , Chen Li , Tieliang Gong , Yefeng Zheng , Huazhu Fu

Analyzing high resolution whole slide images (WSIs) with regard to information across multiple scales poses a significant challenge in digital pathology. Multi-instance learning (MIL) is a common solution for working with high resolution…

Computational pathology (CPath) has significantly advanced the clinical practice of pathology. Despite the progress made, Multiple Instance Learning (MIL), a promising paradigm within CPath, continues to face challenges, particularly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Yuqi Zhang , Xiaoqian Zhang , Jiakai Wang , Yuancheng Yang , Taiying Peng , Chao Tong

Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification is often formulated as a Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) problem. Recently, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in WSI classification. However, existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Hao Li , Ying Chen , Yifei Chen , Wenxian Yang , Bowen Ding , Yuchen Han , Liansheng Wang , Rongshan Yu

Prompt learning has emerged as a promising paradigm for adapting pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) to few-shot whole slide image (WSI) classification by aligning visual features with textual representations, thereby reducing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Junjie Zhou , Wei Shao , Yagao Yue , Wei Mu , Peng Wan , Qi Zhu , Daoqiang Zhang

Reconstructing high-fidelity MR images from undersampled k-space data remains a challenging problem in MRI. While Mamba variants for vision tasks offer promising long-range modeling capabilities with linear-time complexity, their direct…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-05 Hongli Chen , Pengcheng Fang , Yuxia Chen , Yingxuan Ren , Jing Hao , Fangfang Tang , Xiaohao Cai , Shanshan Shan , Feng Liu

Classification of gigapixel Whole Slide Images (WSIs) is an important prediction task in the emerging area of computational pathology. There has been a surge of research in deep learning models for WSI classification with clinical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Sajid Javed , Arif Mahmood , Talha Qaiser , Naoufel Werghi , Nasir Rajpoot

Multiple instance learning (MIL) models have achieved remarkable success in analyzing whole slide images (WSIs) for disease classification problems. However, with regard to gigapixel WSI classification problems, current MIL models are often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Ziyu Su , Mostafa Rezapour , Usama Sajjad , Metin Nafi Gurcan , Muhammad Khalid Khan Niazi

Medical imaging is critical for diagnostics, but clinical adoption of advanced AI-driven imaging faces challenges due to patient variability, image artifacts, and limited model generalization. While deep learning has transformed image…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-02 Abdul-mojeed Olabisi Ilyas , Adeleke Maradesa , Jamal Banzi , Jianpan Huang , Henry K. F. Mak , Kannie W. Y. Chan

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has demonstrated promise in Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification. However, a major challenge persists due to the high computational cost associated with processing these gigapixel images. Existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Hongyi Wang , Luyang Luo , Fang Wang , Ruofeng Tong , Yen-Wei Chen , Hongjie Hu , Lanfen Lin , Hao Chen

Multiple instance learning (MIL) has emerged as a powerful framework for weakly supervised whole slide image (WSI) classification, enabling slide-level predictions without requiring detailed patch-level annotations. Despite its success, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Bryan Wong , Mun Yong Yi

Whole slide images (WSIs) are the gold standard for pathological diagnosis and sub-typing. Current main-stream two-step frameworks employ offline feature encoders trained without domain-specific knowledge. Among them, attention-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Mingrui Ma , Chentao Li , Pan Huang , Jing Qin

Deep learning methods are widely used for medical applications to assist medical doctors in their daily routines. While performances reach expert's level, interpretability (highlight how and what a trained model learned and why it makes a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Antoine Pirovano , Hippolyte Heuberger , Sylvain Berlemont , Saïd Ladjal , Isabelle Bloch

Being able to learn on weakly labeled data, and provide interpretability, are two of the main reasons why attention-based deep multiple instance learning (ABMIL) methods have become particularly popular for classification of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Axel Andersson , Nadezhda Koriakina , Nataša Sladoje , Joakim Lindblad

In the application of Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) methods for Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification, attention mechanisms often focus on a subset of discriminative instances, which are closely linked to overfitting. To mitigate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Yunlong Zhang , Honglin Li , Yuxuan Sun , Sunyi Zheng , Chenglu Zhu , Lin Yang

While multiple instance learning (MIL) has shown to be a promising approach for histopathological whole slide image (WSI) analysis, its reliance on permutation invariance significantly limits its capacity to effectively uncover semantic…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-14 Xiwen Chen , Peijie Qiu , Wenhui Zhu , Hao Wang , Huayu Li , Xuanzhao Dong , Xiaotong Sun , Xiaobing Yu , Yalin Wang , Abolfazl Razi , Aristeidis Sotiras

Histopathology Whole Slide Image (WSI) analysis serves as the gold standard for clinical cancer diagnosis in the daily routines of doctors. To develop computer-aided diagnosis model for WSIs, previous methods typically employ Multi-Instance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Honglin Li , Yunlong Zhang , Pingyi Chen , Zhongyi Shui , Chenglu Zhu , Lin Yang