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Model-based methods have recently shown great potential for off-policy evaluation (OPE); offline trajectories induced by behavioral policies are fitted to transitions of Markov decision processes (MDPs), which are used to rollout simulated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Qitong Gao , Ge Gao , Min Chi , Miroslav Pajic

In recent years, various limitations of conventional supervised learning have been identified, motivating the development of reinforcement learning--and quantum reinforcement learning that leverages quantum resources such as entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Jaehun Jeong , Donghwa Ji , Kabgyun Jeong

Energy-based models (EBMs) are a flexible class of deep generative models and are well-suited to capture complex dependencies in multimodal data. However, learning multimodal EBM by maximum likelihood requires Markov Chain Monte Carlo…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Jiali Cui , Zhiqiang Lao , Heather Yu

We study off-dynamics offline reinforcement learning, where the goal is to learn a policy from offline source and limited target datasets with mismatched dynamics. Existing methods either penalize the reward or discard source transitions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yihong Guo , Yu Yang , Pan Xu , Anqi Liu

This paper introduces novel deep dynamical models designed to represent continuous-time sequences. Our approach employs a neural emission model to generate each data point in the time series through a non-linear transformation of a latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Sheng Cheng , Deqian Kong , Jianwen Xie , Kookjin Lee , Ying Nian Wu , Yezhou Yang

We present an online model-based reinforcement learning algorithm suitable for controlling complex robotic systems directly in the real world. Unlike prevailing sim-to-real pipelines that rely on extensive offline simulation and model-free…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Fang Nan , Hao Ma , Qinghua Guan , Josie Hughes , Michael Muehlebach , Marco Hutter

Model-based reinforcement learning approaches carry the promise of being data efficient. However, due to challenges in learning dynamics models that sufficiently match the real-world dynamics, they struggle to achieve the same asymptotic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-17 Ignasi Clavera , Jonas Rothfuss , John Schulman , Yasuhiro Fujita , Tamim Asfour , Pieter Abbeel

Machine learning models deployed in real-world settings must operate under evolving data distributions and constrained computational resources. This challenge is particularly acute in non-stationary domains such as energy time series,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Daniel Bretsko , Piotr Walas , Devashish Khulbe , Sebastian Stros , Stanislav Sobolevsky , Tomas Satura

Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) algorithms learn a dynamics model from collected data and apply it to generate synthetic trajectories to enable faster learning. This is an especially promising paradigm in offline reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Padmanaba Srinivasan , William Knottenbelt

We introduce Masked Trajectory Models (MTM) as a generic abstraction for sequential decision making. MTM takes a trajectory, such as a state-action sequence, and aims to reconstruct the trajectory conditioned on random subsets of the same…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Philipp Wu , Arjun Majumdar , Kevin Stone , Yixin Lin , Igor Mordatch , Pieter Abbeel , Aravind Rajeswaran

By reinterpreting a robust discriminative classifier as Energy-based Model (EBM), we offer a new take on the dynamics of adversarial training (AT). Our analysis of the energy landscape during AT reveals that untargeted attacks generate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Mujtaba Hussain Mirza , Maria Rosaria Briglia , Senad Beadini , Iacopo Masi

Evapotranspiration (ET) plays a critical role in the land-atmosphere interactions, yet its accurate quantification across various spatiotemporal scales remains a challenge. In situ measurement approaches, like eddy covariance (EC) or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Aleksei Rozanov , Samikshya Subedi , Vasudha Sharma , Bryan C. Runck

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) seeks to learn optimal policies from static datasets without further environment interaction. A key challenge is the distribution shift between the learned and behavior policies, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Haohui Chen , Zhiyong Chen

Energy-based models (EBMs) have experienced a resurgence within machine learning in recent years, including as a promising alternative for probabilistic regression. However, energy-based regression requires a proposal distribution to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Fredrik K. Gustafsson , Martin Danelljan , Thomas B. Schön

Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) approaches rely on discrete-time state transition models whereas physical systems and the vast majority of control tasks operate in continuous-time. To avoid time-discretization approximation of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Çağatay Yıldız , Markus Heinonen , Harri Lähdesmäki

This paper studies the fundamental learning problem of the energy-based model (EBM). Learning the EBM can be achieved using the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), which typically involves the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Jiali Cui , Tian Han

This study investigates the effects of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling in unsupervised Maximum Likelihood (ML) learning. Our attention is restricted to the family of unnormalized probability densities for which the negative log…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-02 Erik Nijkamp , Mitch Hill , Tian Han , Song-Chun Zhu , Ying Nian Wu

This paper presents the first algorithm for model-based offline quantum reinforcement learning and demonstrates its functionality on the cart-pole benchmark. The model and the policy to be optimized are each implemented as variational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-06 Simon Eisenmann , Daniel Hein , Steffen Udluft , Thomas A. Runkler

Imitation Learning (IL) has proven highly effective for robotic and control tasks where manually designing reward functions or explicit controllers is infeasible. However, standard IL methods implicitly assume that the environment dynamics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Rishabh Agrawal , Yusuf Alvi , Rahul Jain , Ashutosh Nayyar

We propose a novel adaptive reinforcement learning control approach for fault tolerant control of degrading systems that is not preceded by a fault detection and diagnosis step. Therefore, \textit{a priori} knowledge of faults that may…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-12 Ibrahim Ahmed , Marcos Quiñones-Grueiro , Gautam Biswas