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Related papers: STEER: Inference-Time Risk Control via Constrained…

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Large language models are increasingly used as computational tools for modeling human-like behavior. We introduce a behavioral induction framework that modifies model policies through fine-tuning on structured decision-making tasks: using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Nicola Milano , Davide Marocco

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced dialogue systems and role-playing agents through their ability to generate human-like text. While prior studies have shown that LLMs can exhibit distinct and consistent personalities,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Shu Yang , Shenzhe Zhu , Liang Liu , Lijie Hu , Mengdi Li , Di Wang

Steering vectors are a lightweight method for controlling language model behavior by adding a learned bias to the activations at inference time. Although effective on average, steering effect sizes vary across samples and are unreliable for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Joschka Braun

Inference-time steering aims to alter a large language model's (LLM's) responses without changing its parameters, but a central challenge is identifying the internal modules that most strongly govern the target behavior. Existing approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Li-Ming Zhan , Bo Liu , Chengqiang Xie , Jiannong Cao , Xiao-Ming Wu

Recent advances in self-refinement have demonstrated significant potential for improving the outputs of large language models (LLMs) through iterative refinement. However, most existing self-refinement methods rely on a reactive process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jinyi Han , Xinyi Wang , Haiquan Zhao , Tingyun li , Zishang Jiang , Sihang Jiang , Jiaqing Liang , Xin Lin , Weikang Zhou , Zeye Sun , Fei Yu , Yanghua Xiao

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, their reliability is significantly compromised by hallucinations. Existing intrinsic self-correction methods attempt to address this, but often fail due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Gyumin Kim , Juhwan Park , Jaeha Kim , Seunggyun Han , Kyungrak Son , Ikbeom Jang

Activation steering offers a computationally efficient mechanism for controlling Large Language Models (LLMs) without fine-tuning. While effectively controlling target traits (e.g., persona), coherency degradation remains a major obstacle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yoshihiro Izawa , Gouki Minegishi , Koshi Eguchi , Sosuke Hosokawa , Kenjiro Taura

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have yielded impressive performance on various tasks, yet they often depend on high-quality feedback that can be costly. Self-refinement methods attempt to leverage LLMs' internal evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Hikaru Asano , Tadashi Kozuno , Yukino Baba

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in social science simulations. While their performance on reasoning and optimization tasks has been extensively evaluated, less attention has been paid to their ability to simulate human…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yuanjun Feng , Vivek Choudhary , Yash Raj Shrestha

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed for structured data generation, yet output consistency remains critical for production applications. We introduce a comprehensive framework for evaluating and improving consistency in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Guanghui Wang , Jinze Yu , Xing Zhang , Dayuan Jiang , Yin Song , Tomal Deb , Xuefeng Liu , Peiyang He

Self-training (ST) has come to fruition in language understanding tasks by producing pseudo labels, which reduces the labeling bottleneck of language model fine-tuning. Nevertheless, in facilitating semi-supervised controllable language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Yuxi Feng , Xiaoyuan Yi , Laks V. S. Lakshmanan , Xing Xie

Safety backdoor attacks in large language models (LLMs) enable the stealthy triggering of unsafe behaviors while evading detection during normal interactions. The high dimensionality of potential triggers in the token space and the diverse…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Yi Zeng , Weiyu Sun , Tran Ngoc Huynh , Dawn Song , Bo Li , Ruoxi Jia

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) scales the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) but remains bottlenecked by limited labeled samples for continued data scaling. Reinforcement learning with intrinsic rewards…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Chuyi Tan , Peiwen Yuan , Xinglin Wang , Yiwei Li , Shaoxiong Feng , Yueqi Zhang , Jiayi Shi , Ji Zhang , Boyuan Pan , Yao Hu , Kan Li

Safety alignment in Large Language Models (LLMs) inherently presents a multi-objective optimization conflict, often accompanied by an unintended degradation of general capabilities. Existing mitigation strategies typically rely on global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Wang Cai , Yilin Wen , Jinchang Hou , Du Su , Guoqiu Wang , Zhonghou Lv , Chenfu Bao , Yunfang Wu

Scale variation is a deep-rooted problem in object counting, which has not been effectively addressed by existing scale-aware algorithms. An important factor is that they typically involve cooperative learning across multi-resolutions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Tao Han , Lei Bai , Lingbo Liu , Wanli Ouyang

With the widespread deployment of deep-learning-based speech models in security-critical applications, backdoor attacks have emerged as a serious threat: an adversary who poisons a small fraction of training data can implant a hidden…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Kun Wang , Meng Chen , Junhao Wang , Yuli Wu , Li Lu , Chong Zhang , Peng Cheng , Jiaheng Zhang , Kui Ren

We present a training-free framework for continuous and controllable image editing at test time for text-conditioned generative models. In contrast to prior approaches that rely on additional training or manual user intervention, we find…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yigit Ekin , Yossi Gandelsman

Early Risk Detection (ERD) on the Web aims to identify promptly users facing social and health issues. Users are analyzed post-by-post, and it is necessary to guarantee correct and quick answers, which is particularly challenging in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Horacio Thompson , Esaú Villatoro-Tello , Manuel Montes-y-Gómez , Marcelo Errecalde

While Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have achieved remarkable performance by scaling test-time compute, they frequently suffer from Cognitive Inertia, a failure pattern manifesting as either overthinking (inertia of motion) or reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Seojin Lee , ByeongJeong Kim , Hwanhee Lee

As large language models (LLMs) show impressive performance on complex tasks, they still struggle with longer contextual understanding and high computational costs. To balance efficiency and quality, we introduce LLMSteer, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Zhuohan Gu , Jiayi Yao , Kuntai Du , Junchen Jiang