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During pretraining, LLMs inadvertently memorize sensitive or copyrighted data, posing significant compliance challenges under legal frameworks like the GDPR and the EU AI Act. Fulfilling these mandates demands techniques that can remove…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Efstratios Zaradoukas , Bardh Prenkaj , Gjergji Kasneci

Large Language Models (LLMs) embed sensitive, human-generated data, prompting the need for unlearning methods. Although certified unlearning offers strong privacy guarantees, its restrictive assumptions make it unsuitable for LLMs, giving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Rongzhe Wei , Mufei Li , Mohsen Ghassemi , Eleonora Kreačić , Yifan Li , Xiang Yue , Bo Li , Vamsi K. Potluru , Pan Li , Eli Chien

Large Language Models (LLMs) trained on extensive corpora inevitably retain sensitive data, such as personal privacy information and copyrighted material. Recent advancements in knowledge unlearning involve updating LLM parameters to erase…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Bozhong Tian , Xiaozhuan Liang , Siyuan Cheng , Qingbin Liu , Mengru Wang , Dianbo Sui , Xi Chen , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Machine unlearning has been used to remove unwanted knowledge acquired by large language models (LLMs). In this paper, we examine machine unlearning from an optimization perspective, framing it as a regularized multi-task optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Zhiqi Bu , Xiaomeng Jin , Bhanukiran Vinzamuri , Anil Ramakrishna , Kai-Wei Chang , Volkan Cevher , Mingyi Hong

Large language model (LLM) unlearning has demonstrated effectiveness in removing the influence of undesirable data (also known as forget data). Existing approaches typically assume full access to the forget dataset, overlooking two key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Linxi Xie , Xin Teng , Shichang Ke , Hongyi Wen , Shengjie Wang

Modern privacy regulations have spurred the evolution of machine unlearning, a technique enabling a trained model to efficiently forget specific training data. In prior unlearning methods, the concept of "data forgetting" is often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Zhenxing Niu , Haoxuan Ji , Yuyao Sun , Zheng Lin , Fei Gao , Yuhang Wang , Haichao Gao

The development of artificial intelligence demands that models incrementally update knowledge by Continual Learning (CL) to adapt to open-world environments. To meet privacy and security requirements, Continual Unlearning (CU) emerges as an…

Large language model (LLM) unlearning has demonstrated its essential role in removing privacy and copyright-related responses, crucial for their legal and safe applications. However, the pursuit of complete unlearning often comes with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yue Wang , Qizhou Wang , Feng Liu , Wei Huang , Yali Du , Xiaojiang Du , Bo Han

Large Language Model (LLM) unlearning has recently gained significant attention, driven by the need to remove unwanted information, such as private, sensitive, or copyrighted content, from LLMs. However, conventional unlearning approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yixin Wan , Anil Ramakrishna , Kai-Wei Chang , Volkan Cevher , Rahul Gupta

The imperative to eliminate undesirable data memorization underscores the significance of machine unlearning for large language models (LLMs). Recent research has introduced a series of promising unlearning methods, notably boosting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Qizhou Wang , Bo Han , Puning Yang , Jianing Zhu , Tongliang Liu , Masashi Sugiyama

As Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities learned from vast corpora, concerns regarding data privacy and safety are receiving increasing attention. LLM unlearning, which aims to remove the influence of specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Kai Qin , Jiaqi Wu , Jianxiang He , Haoyuan Sun , Yifei Zhao , Bin Liang , Yongzhe Chang , Tiantian Zhang , Houde Liu

The rapid progress of AI, combined with its unprecedented public adoption and the propensity of large neural networks to memorize training data, has given rise to significant data privacy concerns. To address these concerns, machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Ali Abbasi , Chayne Thrash , Elaheh Akbari , Daniel Zhang , Soheil Kolouri

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into real-world applications, raising concerns about privacy, security and the need to remove undesirable knowledge. Machine Unlearning has emerged as a promising solution, yet faces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yisheng Zhong , Zhengbang Yang , Zhuangdi Zhu

Machine unlearning, enabling a trained model to forget specific data, is crucial for addressing erroneous data and adhering to privacy regulations like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)'s "right to be forgotten". Despite recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Zihao Zhao , Yuchen Yang , Anjalie Field , Yinzhi Cao

Large Language Models (LLMs) often memorize sensitive or harmful information, necessitating effective machine unlearning techniques. While existing parameter-efficient unlearning methods have shown promise, they still struggle with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zeguan Xiao , Lang Mo , Yun Chen , Lei Yang , Jiehui Zhao , Lili Yang , Guanhua Chen

As large language models (LLMs) are applied across diverse domains, the ability to selectively unlearn specific information is becoming increasingly essential. For instance, LLMs are expected to selectively provide confidential information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Shota Takashiro , Takeshi Kojima , Andrew Gambardella , Qi Cao , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo

Machine Unlearning, the process of selectively eliminating the influence of certain data examples used during a model's training, has gained significant attention as a means for practitioners to comply with recent data protection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Daniel Trippa , Cesare Campagnano , Maria Sofia Bucarelli , Gabriele Tolomei , Fabrizio Silvestri

Foundation models (FMs) such as CLIP have demonstrated impressive zero-shot performance across various tasks by leveraging large-scale, unsupervised pre-training. However, they often inherit harmful or unwanted knowledge from noisy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zeliang Zhang , Gaowen Liu , Charles Fleming , Ramana Rao Kompella , Chenliang Xu

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world systems, they must support post-hoc removal of specific content to meet privacy and governance requirements. This motivates selective unlearning, which suppresses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Chenchen Tan , Xinghao Li , Shujie Cui , Youyang Qu , Cunjian Chen , Longxiang Gao

Continual learning (CL) presents a fundamental challenge in training neural networks on sequential tasks without experiencing catastrophic forgetting. Traditionally, the dominant approach in CL has been gradient-based optimization, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Grzegorz Rypeść
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