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Deepfake technologies have become ubiquitous, "democratizing" the ability to manipulate photos and videos. One popular use of deepfake technology is the creation of sexually explicit content, which can then be posted and shared widely on…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Rebecca Umbach , Nicola Henry , Gemma Beard , Colleen Berryessa

AI technology has enabled the creation of deepfakes: hyper-realistic synthetic media. We surveyed 315 individuals in the U.S. on their views regarding the hypothetical non-consensual creation of deepfakes depicting them, including deepfakes…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Natalie Grace Brigham , Miranda Wei , Tadayoshi Kohno , Elissa M. Redmiles

Deepfake technology is often used to create non-consensual synthetic intimate imagery (NSII), mainly of celebrity women. Through Critical Discursive Psychological analysis we ask; i) how celebrities construct being targeted by deepfakes and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-18 John Twomey , Sarah Foley , Sarah Robinson , Michael Quayle , Matthew Peter Aylett , Conor Linehan , Gillian Murphy

Many malicious actors responsible for disseminating synthetic non-consensual intimate imagery (SNCII) operate within internet forums to exchange resources, strategies, and generated content across multiple platforms.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Bernardo B. P. Medeiros , Malvika Jadhav , Allison Lu , Tadayoshi Kohno , Vincent Bindschaedler , Kevin R. B. Butler

The prevalence of sexual deepfake material has exploded over the past several years. Attackers create and utilize deepfakes for many reasons: to seek sexual gratification, to harass and humiliate targets, or to exert power over an intimate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Catherine Han , Anne Li , Deepak Kumar , Zakir Durumeric

The rapid proliferation of AI-generated content, driven by advances in generative adversarial networks, diffusion models, and multimodal large language models, has made the creation and dissemination of synthetic media effortless,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Guangyu Lin , Li Lin , Christina P. Walker , Daniel S. Schiff , Shu Hu

Non-consensual intimate media (NCIM) involves sharing intimate content without the depicted person's consent, including "revenge porn" and sexually explicit deepfakes. While NCIM has received attention in legal, psychological, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Li Qiwei , Allison McDonald , Oliver L. Haimson , Sarita Schoenebeck , Eric Gilbert

Generative AI systems increasingly enable the production of highly realistic synthetic media. Civitai, a popular community-driven platform for AI-generated content, operates a monetized feature called Bounties, which allows users to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Shalmoli Ghosh , Matthew R. DeVerna , Filippo Menczer

Recent advances in AI technology have made the forgery of digital images and videos easier, and it has become significantly more difficult to identify such forgeries. These forgeries, if disseminated with malicious intent, can negatively…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Chia-Mu Yu , Ching-Tang Chang , Yen-Wu Ti

Deepfakes, synthetic media created using advanced AI techniques, pose a growing threat to information integrity, particularly in politically sensitive contexts. This challenge is amplified by the increasing realism of modern generative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Victor Livernoche , Akshatha Arodi , Andreea Musulan , Zachary Yang , Adam Salvail , Gaétan Marceau Caron , Jean-François Godbout , Reihaneh Rabbany

This paper provides policy recommendations to address threats from deepfakes. First, we provide background information about deepfakes and review the harms they pose. We describe how deepfakes are currently used to proliferate sexual abuse…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Andrea Miotti , Akash Wasil

Advances in multimodal machine learning have made text-to-image (T2I) models increasingly accessible and popular. However, T2I models introduce risks such as the generation of non-consensual depictions of identifiable individuals, otherwise…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Will Hawkins , Chris Russell , Brent Mittelstadt

Under the aegis of computer vision and deep learning technology, a new emerging techniques has introduced that anyone can make highly realistic but fake videos, images even can manipulates the voices. This technology is widely known as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Bahar Uddin Mahmud , Afsana Sharmin

A deepfake is a photo or video of a person whose image has been digitally altered or partially replaced with an image of someone else. Deepfakes have the potential to cause a variety of problems and are often used maliciously. A common…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-01 Natalie Krueger , Mounika Vanamala , Rushit Dave

The last few years have significantly increased global interest in generative artificial intelligence. Deepfakes, which are synthetically created videos, emerged as an application of generative artificial intelligence. Fake news and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Deepak Giri , Erin Brady

In the recent years, social media has grown to become a major source of information for many online users. This has given rise to the spread of misinformation through deepfakes. Deepfakes are videos or images that replace one persons face…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Jacob Mallet , Rushit Dave , Naeem Seliya , Mounika Vanamala

In this paper, we adopt a survivor-centered approach to locate and dissect the role of sociotechnical AI governance in preventing AI-Generated Non-Consensual Intimate Images (AIG-NCII) of adults, colloquially known as "deep fake…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Michelle L. Ding , Harini Suresh

As many as 8 in 10 adults share intimate content such as nude or lewd images. Sharing such content has significant benefits for relationship intimacy and body image, and can offer employment. However, stigmatizing attitudes and a lack of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Lucy Qin , Vaughn Hamilton , Sharon Wang , Yigit Aydinalp , Marin Scarlett , Elissa M. Redmiles

In 2022, AI image generators crossed a threshold, enabling much more efficient and dynamic production of photorealistic deepfake images than before. This enabled opportunities for creative and positive uses of these models. However, it also…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Max Kamachee , Stephen Casper , Michelle L. Ding , Rui-Jie Yew , Anka Reuel , Stella Biderman , Dylan Hadfield-Menell

Deepfake is a generative deep learning algorithm that creates or changes facial features in a very realistic way making it hard to differentiate the real from the fake features It can be used to make movies look better as well as to spread…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Nadeem Jabbar CH , Aqib Saghir , Ayaz Ahmad Meer , Salman Ahmad Sahi , Bilal Hassan , Siddiqui Muhammad Yasir
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