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While Transformer architecture excel at modeling long-range dependencies contributing to its widespread adoption in vision tasks the quadratic complexity of softmax-based attention mechanisms imposes a major bottleneck, particularly when…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yuan Cao , Dong Wang

Traffic time series forecasting is challenging due to complex spatio-temporal dynamics time series from different locations often have distinct patterns; and for the same time series, patterns may vary across time, where, for example, there…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Razvan-Gabriel Cirstea , Bin Yang , Chenjuan Guo , Tung Kieu , Shirui Pan

Parallel reasoning, where a generator samples many candidate solutions and an aggregator selects the best, is one of the most effective forms of test-time scaling in large language models, and pairwise self-verification has become its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Fangzhou Lin , Shuo Xing , Peiran Li , Siyuan Yang , Qianwen Ge , Kazunori Yamada , Ziming Zhang , Haichong Zhang , Zhengzhong Tu

The quadratic cost of attention in transformers motivated the development of efficient approaches: namely sparse and sliding window attention, convolutions and linear attention. Although these approaches result in impressive reductions in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Jatin Prakash , Aahlad Puli , Rajesh Ranganath

Time series forecasting is a key component in many industrial and business decision processes and recurrent neural network (RNN) based models have achieved impressive progress on various time series forecasting tasks. However, most of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Zekai Chen , Jiaze E , Xiao Zhang , Hao Sheng , Xiuzheng Cheng

Sequence models lie at the heart of modern deep learning. However, rapid advancements have produced a diversity of seemingly unrelated architectures, such as Transformers and recurrent alternatives. In this paper, we introduce a unifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Ke Alexander Wang , Jiaxin Shi , Emily B. Fox

Modern autoregressive models rely on attention, yet the Softmax full attention in Transformers scales quadratically with sequence length. Sliding Window Attention (SWA) achieves linear-time encoding/decoding by constraining the attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Jiaxu Liu , Yuhe Bai , Xiangyu Yin , Christos-Savvas Bouganis

Time series forecasting is an important problem across many domains, playing a crucial role in multiple real-world applications. In this paper, we propose a forecasting architecture that combines deep autoregressive models with a Spectral…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-28 Fernando Moreno-Pino , Pablo M. Olmos , Antonio Artés-Rodríguez

Attention architectures are widely used; they recently gained renewed popularity with Transformers yielding a streak of state of the art results. Yet, the geometrical implications of softmax-attention remain largely unexplored. In this work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Oliver Richter , Roger Wattenhofer

Time series anomaly detection (TSAD) is a vital yet challenging task, particularly in scenarios where labeled anomalies are scarce and temporal dependencies are complex. Recent anomaly assumption (AA) approaches alleviate the lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Xudong Mou , Rui Wang , Tiejun Wang , Renyu Yang , Shiru Chen , Jie Sun , Tianyu Wo , Xudong Liu

Attention-based models have been widely used in many areas, such as computer vision and natural language processing. However, relevant applications in time series classification (TSC) have not been explored deeply yet, causing a significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Bowen Zhao , Huanlai Xing , Xinhan Wang , Fuhong Song , Zhiwen Xiao

Recent advances in deep forecasting models have achieved remarkable performance, yet most approaches still struggle to provide both accurate predictions and interpretable insights into temporal dynamics. This paper proposes CaReTS, a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Fulong Yao , Wanqing Zhao , Chao Zheng , Xiaofei Han

Sequence modeling faces challenges in capturing long-range dependencies across diverse tasks. Recent linear and transformer-based forecasters have shown superior performance in time series forecasting. However, they are constrained by their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Bong Gyun Kang , Dongjun Lee , HyunGi Kim , DoHyun Chung , Sungroh Yoon

Marked Temporal Point Processes (MTPPs) arise naturally in medical, social, commercial, and financial domains. However, existing Transformer-based methods mostly inject temporal information only via positional encodings, relying on shared…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Xinzi Tan , Kejian Zhang , Junhan Yu , Doudou Zhou

The softmax content-based attention mechanism has proven to be very beneficial in many applications of recurrent neural networks. Nevertheless it suffers from two major computational limitations. First, its computations for an attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-20 Alexandre de Brébisson , Pascal Vincent

In industrial defect segmentation tasks, while pixel accuracy and Intersection over Union (IoU) are commonly employed metrics to assess segmentation performance, the output consistency (also referred to equivalence) of the model is often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Zhen Qu , Xian Tao , Fei Shen , Zhengtao Zhang , Tao Li

Channel and spatial attention mechanism has proven to provide an evident performance boost of deep convolution neural networks (CNNs). Most existing methods focus on one or run them parallel (series), neglecting the collaboration between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Zizhang Wu , Man Wang , Weiwei Sun , Yuchen Li , Tianhao Xu , Fan Wang , Keke Huang

There has been a recent surge of interest in time series modeling using the Transformer architecture. However, forecasting multivariate time series with Transformer presents a unique challenge as it requires modeling both temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Yu-Hsiang Lan , Eric K. Oermann

While the self-attention mechanism has been widely used in a wide variety of tasks, it has the unfortunate property of a quadratic cost with respect to the input length, which makes it difficult to deal with long inputs. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Xiaoya Li , Yuxian Meng , Mingxin Zhou , Qinghong Han , Fei Wu , Jiwei Li

Multivariate time series (MTS) classification is foundational to pervasive computing and financial analysis, yet existing multi-scale paradigms are often constrained by suboptimal representation fidelity. We identify two critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Fan Zhang , Yating Cui , Hua Wang