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We present an autoregressive end-to-end learning approach for probabilistic shaping on nonlinear fiber channels. Our proposed scheme learns the joint symbol distribution and provides a 0.3-bits/2D achievable information rate gain over an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Mohammad Taha Askari , Lutz Lampe , Amirhossein Ghazisaeidi

A new probabilistic shaping distribution that outperforms Maxwell-Boltzmann is studied for the nonlinear fiber channel. Additional gains of 0.1 bit/symbol MI or 0.2 dB SNR for both DP-256QAM and DP-1024QAM are reported after 200 km…

We introduce a practical sign-dependent sequence selection metric for probabilistic amplitude shaping and propose a simple method to predict the gains in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for sequence selection. The proposed metric provides a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-15 Mohammad Taha Askari , Lutz Lampe

This paper studies the impact of probabilistic shaping on effective signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and achievable information rates (AIRs) in a back-to-back configuration and in unrepeated nonlinear fiber transmissions. For back-to-back,…

Optimizing the input probability distribution of a discrete-time channel is a standard step in the information-theoretic analysis of digital communication systems. Nevertheless, many practical communication systems transmit uniformly and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-13 Mohammad Taha Askari , Lutz Lampe

Probabilistic shaping of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is used to enhance the sensitivity of an optical communication system. Sensitivity gains of 0.43 dB and 0.8 dB are demonstrated in back-to-back experiments by shaping of 16QAM…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-01-19 Tobias Fehenberger , Domaniç Lavery , Robert Maher , Alex Alvarado , Polina Bayvel , Norbert Hanik

Different aspects of probabilistic shaping for a multi-span optical communication system are studied. First, a numerical analysis of the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel investigates the effect of using a small number of input…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-07-29 Tobias Fehenberger , Alex Alvarado , Georg Böcherer , Norbert Hanik

We introduce a trainable coded modulation scheme that enables joint optimization of the bit-wise mutual information (BMI) through probabilistic shaping, geometric shaping, bit labeling, and demapping for a specific channel model and for a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-15 Fayçal Ait Aoudia , Jakob Hoydis

Probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) is a practical means to achieve a shaping gain in optical fiber communication. However, PAS and shaping in general also affect the signal-dependent generation of nonlinear interference. This provides an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Mohammad Taha Askari , Lutz Lampe , Jeebak Mitra

We show that short-length probabilistic shaping reduces nonlinear interference in optical fiber transmission. SNR improvements of up to 0.8 dB are obtained. The shaping gain vanishes when interleaving is employed and not undone before…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-27 Tobias Fehenberger , Helmut Griesser , Jörg-Peter Elbers

A class of circular 64-QAM that combines 'geometric' and 'probabilistic' shaping aspects is presented. It is compared to square 64-QAM in back-to-back, single-channel, and WDM transmission experiments. First, for the linear AWGN channel…

We transmit probabilistic enumerative sphere shaped dual-polarization 64-QAM at 350Gbit/s/channel over 1610km SSMF using a short blocklength of 200. A reach increase of 15% over constant composition distribution matching with identical…

By tailoring probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS) for nonlinearity tolerance, we experimentally demonstrate up to 1.1 dB increase in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and 6.4% increase in total net data rate (NDR) compared to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-10 Junho Cho , Xi Chen , Greg Raybon , Di Che , Ellsworth Burrows , Robert Tkach

In this paper, probabilistic shaping is numerically and experimentally investigated for increasing the transmission reach of wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical communication system employing quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM).…

Probabilistic shaping is a pragmatic approach to improve the performance of coherent optical fiber communication systems. In the nonlinear regime, the advantages offered by probabilistic shaping might increase thanks to the opportunity to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Stella Civelli , Enrico Forestieri , Marco Secondini

We present the first neural probabilistic amplitude shaping that outperforms existing methods while accounting for all implementation losses, using a block-less, easily implementable sequential autoregressive encoder compatible with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Mohammad Taha Askari , Lutz Lampe , Amirhossein Ghazisaeidi

We propose two novel techniques to implement sequence selection (SS) for fiber nonlinearity mitigation, demonstrating a nonlinear shaping gain of 0.24 bits/s/Hz, just 0.1 bits/s/Hz below the SS capacity lower bound.

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Stella Civelli , Enrico Forestieri , Marco Secondini

Autoencoder-based deep learning is applied to jointly optimize geometric and probabilistic constellation shaping for optical coherent communication. The optimized constellation shaping outperforms the 256 QAM Maxwell-Boltzmann probabilistic…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-18 Vladislav Neskorniuk , Andrea Carnio , Domenico Marsella , Sergei K. Turitsyn , Jaroslaw E. Prilepsky , Vahid Aref

We implemented a flexible transmission system operating at adjustable data rate and fixed bandwidth, baudrate, constellation and overhead using probabilistic shaping. We demonstrated in a transmission experiment up to 15% capacity and 43%…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-09-30 Fred Buchali , Georg Böcherer , Wilfried Idler , Laurent Schmalen , Patrick Schulte , Fabian Steiner

The rate flexibility and probabilistic shaping gain of $4$-dimensional signaling is experimentally tested for short-reach, unrepeated transmission. A rate granularity of 0.5 bits/QAM symbol is achieved with a distribution matcher based on a…

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