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Detecting neutral hydrogen structures in the intergalactic medium (IGM) during cosmic reionization via absorption (21 cm forest) against a background radiation is considered independent and complementary to the three-dimensional tomography…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-10 Nithyanandan Thyagarajan

Detection of the global HI 21 cm signal from Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization is the key science driver for several ongoing ground-based and future ground/space-based experiments. The crucial spectral features in the global 21 cm…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-11 Abhirup Datta , Richard Bradley , Jack O. Burns , Geraint Harker , Attila Komjathy , T. Joseph W. Lazio

Detection of the global redshifted 21-cm signal is an excellent means of deciphering the physical processes during the Dark Ages and subsequent Epoch of Reionization (EoR). However, detection of this faint monopole is challenging due to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-16 Saurabh Singh , Ravi Subrahmanyan , N. Udaya Shankar , A. Raghunathan

The dark ages 21-cm signal is a powerful tool for precision cosmology and probing new physics. We study two non-standard models: an excess radio background (ERB) model (possibly generated by dark matter decay) and the millicharged dark…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-09 Rajesh Mondal , Rennan Barkana , Anastasia Fialkov

Direct detection of the Epoch of Reionization via the redshifted 21-cm line will have unprecedented implications on the study of structure formation in the early Universe. To fulfill this promise current and future 21-cm experiments will…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-22 F. Mertens , A. Ghosh , L. V. E. Koopmans

Cosmic Dawn, when the first stars and proto-galaxies began to form, is commonly expected to be accompanied by an absorption signature at radio frequencies. This feature arises as Lyman-$\alpha$ photons emitted by these first luminous…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-15 Peter H. Sims , Jonathan C. Pober

The redshifted 21-cm signal from neutral hydrogen (HI) in the intergalactic medium (IGM) is a powerful probe of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Owing to the complex growth and morphology of ionized regions, the 21-cm brightness-temperature…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-19 Vishrut Pandya , Leon Noble , Suman Majumdar , Debanjan Sarkar , Mohd Kamran , Abhirup Datta

The Epoch of Reionization (EoR) and Cosmic Dawn (CD) are pivotal stages during the first billion years of the universe, exerting a significant influence on the development of cosmic structure. The detection of the redshifted 21-cm signal…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-14 Anshuman Tripathi , Abhirup Datta , Aishrila Mazumder , Suman Majumdar

A recent observation by the EDGES collaboration shows a strong absorption signal in the global 21-cm spectrum from around a redshift of $z = 17$. This absorption is stronger than the maximum prediction by existing models and indicates that…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-11 Suman Chatterjee , Somnath Bharadwaj

Einstein Telescope (ET) is a planned third generation gravitational waves detector located in Europe. Its design will be different from currently build interferometers, because ET will consist of three interferometers rotated by a 60 deg…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-25 I. Kowalska-Leszczynska , T. Bulik

A number of radio interferometers are currently being planned or constructed to observe 21 cm emission from reionization. Not only will such measurements provide a detailed view of that epoch, but, since the 21 cm emission also traces the…

We present a conceptual design study of external calibrators in the 21 cm experiment towards detecting the globally averaged radiation of the epoch of reionization (EoR). Employment of external calibrator instead of internal calibrator…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-08 Yan Huang , Xiang-Ping Wu , Quan Guo , Qian Zheng , Biying Li , Huanyuan Shan , Kejia Lee , Haiguang Xu

A number of experiments are currently working towards a measurement of the 21 cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization. Whether or not these experiments deliver a detection of cosmological emission, their limited sensitivity will prevent…

Considerable observational efforts are being dedicated to measuring the sky-averaged (global) 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen from Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization. Deriving observational constraints on the astrophysics of this…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-18 Christian H. Bye , Stephen K. N. Portillo , Anastasia Fialkov

The ASTEP project aims at detecting and characterizing transiting planets from Dome C, Antarctica, and qualifying this site for photometry in the visible. The first phase of the project, ASTEP South, is a fixed 10 cm diameter instrument…

A number of large current experiments aim to detect the signatures of the Cosmic Reionization at redshifts z>6. Their success depends crucially on understanding the character of the reionization process and its observable consequences and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Ilian T. Iliev , Garrelt Mellema , Ue-Li Pen , J. Richard Bond , Paul R. Shapiro

The sky-averaged (global) 21-cm signal is a powerful probe of the intergalactic medium (IGM) prior to the completion of reionization. However, it has so far been unclear that even in the best case scenario, in which the signal is accurately…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Jordan Mirocha , Geraint J. A. Harker , Jack O. Burns

We theoretically investigate the recovery of global spectrum (monopole) from visibilities (cross-correlation only) measured by the interferometer array and the feasibility of extracting 21 cm signal of cosmic dawn. In our approach, the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-29 Xin Zhang , Bin Yue , Yuan Shi , Fengquan Wu , Xuelei Chen

BayesEoR is a GPU-accelerated, MPI-compatible Python package for estimating the power spectrum of redshifted 21-cm emission from interferometric observations of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Utilizing a Bayesian framework, BayesEoR…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-23 Peter H. Sims , Jacob Burba , Jonathan C. Pober

The sky-averaged, or global, background of redshifted $21$ cm radiation is expected to be a rich source of information on cosmological reheating and reionizaton. However, measuring the signal is technically challenging: one must extract a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-03 Tejaswi Venumadhav , Tzu-Ching Chang , Olivier Doré , Christopher M. Hirata