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The Internet has become an indispensable part of our life, However, It also has provided opportunities to anonymously perform malicious activities like Phishing. Phishers try to deceive their victims by social engineering or creating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Vahid Shahrivari , Mohammad Mahdi Darabi , Mohammad Izadi

The use of large language models (LLMs) in hiring promises to streamline candidate screening, but it also raises serious concerns regarding accuracy and algorithmic bias where sufficient safeguards are not in place. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Eitan Anzenberg , Arunava Samajpati , Sivasankaran Chandrasekar , Varun Kacholia

This paper explores the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in spear phishing message generation and evaluates their performance compared to human-authored counterparts. Our pilot study examines the effectiveness of smishing (SMS phishing)…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Jerson Francia , Derek Hansen , Ben Schooley , Matthew Taylor , Shydra Murray , Greg Snow

Each month, more attacks are launched with the aim of making web users believe that they are communicating with a trusted entity which compels them to share their personal, financial information. Phishing costs Internet users billions of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-06-17 Srishti Gupta , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru

Natural language processing (NLP) sees rich mobile applications. To support various language understanding tasks, a foundation NLP model is often fine-tuned in a federated, privacy-preserving setting (FL). This process currently relies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Dongqi Cai , Shangguang Wang , Yaozong Wu , Felix Xiaozhu Lin , Mengwei Xu

Existing literature on adversarial Machine Learning (ML) focuses either on showing attacks that break every ML model, or defenses that withstand most attacks. Unfortunately, little consideration is given to the actual feasibility of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Ying Yuan , Giovanni Apruzzese , Mauro Conti

Phishing and related cyber threats are becoming more varied and technologically advanced. Among these, email-based phishing remains the most dominant and persistent threat. These attacks exploit human vulnerabilities to disseminate malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Sajad U P

Cyber threat detection has become an important area of focus in today's digital age due to the growing spread of fake information and harmful content on social media platforms such as Twitter (now 'X'). These cyber threats, often disguised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Saydul Akbar Murad , Ashim Dahal , Nick Rahimi

Now-a-days, cyberattacks are increasing at an unprecedented rate. Phishing is a social engineering attack which has a massive global impact, destroying the financial and economic value of corporations, government sectors and individuals. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Kalaharsha Pagadala

PhisNet is a cutting-edge web application designed to detect phishing websites using advanced machine learning. It aims to help individuals and organizations identify and prevent phishing attacks through a robust AI framework. PhisNet…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Prashant Kumar , Kevin Antony , Deepakmoney Banga , Arshpreet Sohal

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks. However, their practical application in high-stake domains, such as fraud and abuse detection, remains an area that requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Joymallya Chakraborty , Wei Xia , Anirban Majumder , Dan Ma , Walid Chaabene , Naveed Janvekar

Email phishing remains a prevalent cyber threat, targeting victims to extract sensitive information or deploy malicious software. This paper explores the integration of open-source intelligence (OSINT) tools and machine learning (ML) models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Panharith An , Rana Shafi , Tionge Mughogho , Onyango Allan Onyango

While the automated detection of cryptographic API misuses has progressed significantly, its precision diminishes for intricate targets due to the reliance on manually defined patterns. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yifan Xia , Zichen Xie , Peiyu Liu , Kangjie Lu , Yan Liu , Wenhai Wang , Shouling Ji

Malicious URLs pose significant security risks as they facilitate phishing attacks, distribute malware, and empower attackers to deface websites. Blacklist detection methods fail to identify new or obfuscated URLs because they depend on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Md. Ifthekhar Hossain , Kazi Abdullah Al Arafat , Bryce Shepard , Kayd Craig , Imtiaz Parvez

In recent trends, one can observe Large Language Models (LLMs) are exposed to backdoor attacks where vicious triggers added during training or model editing to elicit harmful outputs on specific input patterns while maintaining clean…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jagadeesh Rachapudi , Ritali Vatsi , Pranav Singh , Praful Hambarde , Amit Shukla

To address the increasing complexity and frequency of cybersecurity incidents emphasized by the recent cybersecurity threat reports with over 10 billion instances, cyber threat intelligence (CTI) plays a critical role in the modern…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Hangyuan Ji , Jian Yang , Linzheng Chai , Chaoren Wei , Liqun Yang , Yunlong Duan , Yunli Wang , Tianzhen Sun , Hongcheng Guo , Tongliang Li , Changyu Ren , Zhoujun Li

Watermarking acts as a critical safeguard in text generated by Large Language Models (LLMs). By embedding identifiable signals into model outputs, watermarking enables reliable attribution and enhances the security of machine-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yukang Lin , Jiahao Shao , Shuoran Jiang , Wentao Zhu , Bingjie Lu , Xiangping Wu , Joanna Siebert , Qingcai Chen

Named entity recognition is an important task when constructing knowledge bases from unstructured data sources. Whereas entity detection methods mostly rely on extensive training data, Large Language Models (LLMs) have paved the way towards…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Lu Gan , Martin Blum , Danilo Dessi , Brigitte Mathiak , Ralf Schenkel , Stefan Dietze

Protecting and preventing sensitive data from being used inappropriately has become a challenging task. Even a small mistake in securing data can be exploited by phishing attacks to release private information such as passwords or financial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Luke Barlow , Gueltoum Bendiaby , Stavros Shiaelesy , Nick Savage

Recently, the development and implementation of phishing attacks require little technical skills and costs. This uprising has led to an ever-growing number of phishing attacks on the World Wide Web. Consequently, proactive techniques to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Chidimma Opara , Bo Wei , Yingke Chen