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Deep neural networks have achieved state-of-the-art results in a wide range of applications, from natural language processing and computer vision to speech recognition. However, as tasks become increasingly complex, model sizes continue to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Tomer Gafni , Asaf Karnieli , Yair Hanani

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant deployment challenges due to their substantial memory requirements and the computational demands of auto-regressive text generation process. This paper addresses these challenges by focusing on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Yuxuan Yue , Zhihang Yuan , Haojie Duanmu , Sifan Zhou , Jianlong Wu , Liqiang Nie

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has become an important technique for reducing the inference cost of Large Language Models (LLMs). While recent mixed-precision methods improve ultra-low bit quantization by preserving critical subspaces in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zhe Ding , Su Pan , Duowei Pan

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse language tasks. But their deployment is often constrained by their substantial computational and storage requirements. Quantization has emerged as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Pranav Ajit Nair , Arun Sai Suggala

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) is an effective technique for compressing Large Language Models (LLMs). While many studies focus on quantizing both weights and activations, it is still a challenge to maintain the accuracy of LLM after…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Wenyuan Liu , Xindian Ma , Peng Zhang , Yan Wang

Due to their large size, generative Large Language Models (LLMs) require significant computing and storage resources. This paper introduces a new post-training quantization method, GPTQT, to reduce memory usage and enhance processing speed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Yipin Guo , Yilin Lang , Qinyuan Ren

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various domains, but they are constrained by massive computational and storage costs. Quantization, an effective technique for compressing models to fit resource-limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Han Liu , Haotian Gao , Xiaotong Zhang , Changya Li , Feng Zhang , Wei Wang , Fenglong Ma , Hong Yu

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) is pivotal for deploying large language models (LLMs) within resource-limited settings by significantly reducing resource demands. However, existing PTQ strategies underperform at low bit levels < 3 bits due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Wanlong Liu , Yichen Xiao , Dingyi Zeng , Hongyang Zhao , Wenyu Chen , Malu Zhang

Post-training quantization (PTQ) techniques applied to weights, activations, and the KV cache greatly reduce memory usage, latency, and power consumption of Large Language Models (LLMs), but may lead to large quantization errors when…

Quantization is an effective approach to reduce the memory footprint and inference cost of large language models (LLMs), yet maintaining performance in the ultra-low-bit regime remains challenging. Existing post-training methods often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Phong Nam Huu Nguyen , Khoi M. Le , Cong-Duy T Nguyen , Anh Tuan Luu , Thong Thanh Nguyen , Tho Quan

Post-training quantization (PTQ) of large language models (LLMs) holds the promise in reducing the prohibitive computational cost at inference time. Quantization of all weight, activation and key-value (KV) cache tensors to 4-bit without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Utkarsh Saxena , Sayeh Sharify , Kaushik Roy , Xin Wang

Post-training quantization (PTQ) reduces a model's memory footprint by mapping full precision weights into low bit weights without costly retraining, but can degrade its downstream performance especially in low 2- to 3-bit settings. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Hanqi Xiao , Yi-Lin Sung , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Mohit Bansal

Large language models (LLMs) are omnipresent, however their practical deployment is challenging due to their ever increasing computational and memory demands. Quantization is one of the most effective ways to make them more compute and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yelysei Bondarenko , Riccardo Del Chiaro , Markus Nagel

Large language models (LLMs) show excellent performance but are compute- and memory-intensive. Quantization can reduce memory and accelerate inference. However, existing methods cannot maintain accuracy and hardware efficiency at the same…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Guangxuan Xiao , Ji Lin , Mickael Seznec , Hao Wu , Julien Demouth , Song Han

Post-training quantization (PTQ) compresses the weights and activations of large language models (LLMs) into low-precision representations to reduce memory footprint and accelerate inference. However, the presence of outliers in weights and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yesheng Liang , Haisheng Chen , Zihan Zhang , Song Han , Zhijian Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, their deployment is challenging due to the substantial computational resources required. Power-of-two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Xinyu Wang , Vahid Partovi Nia , Peng Lu , Jerry Huang , Xiao-Wen Chang , Boxing Chen , Yufei Cui

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used across many domains, but their scale makes deployment challenging. Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) reduces memory footprint without retraining by leveraging a small calibration set. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jaemin Kim , Sungkyun Kim , Junyeol Lee , Jiwon Seo

Large Language Models (LLMs) pose significant hardware challenges related to memory requirements and computational ability. There are two mainstream quantization schemes for LLMs: coarse-grained ($\textit{e.g.,}$ channel-wise) quantization…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Luoming Zhang , Wen Fei , Weijia Wu , Yefei He , Zhenyu Lou , Hong Zhou

Post-training quantization (PTQ) of large language models (LLMs) to extremely low bit-widths remains challenging due to the fundamental trade-off between computational efficiency and representational capacity. While existing ultra-low-bit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 He Xiao , Runming Yang , Qingyao Yang , Wendong Xu , Zhen Li , Yupeng Su , Zhengwu Liu , Hongxia Yang , Ngai Wong

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly computationally complex, developing efficient deployment strategies, such as quantization, becomes crucial. State-of-the-art Post-training Quantization (PTQ) techniques often rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Alireza Ghaffari , Sharareh Younesian , Boxing Chen , Vahid Partovi Nia , Masoud Asgharian