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Large foundation models have shown strong open-world generalization to complex problems in vision and language, but similar levels of generalization have yet to be achieved in robotics. One fundamental challenge is the lack of robotic data,…

The integration of large language models (LLMs) with embodied agents has improved high-level reasoning capabilities; however, a critical gap remains between semantic understanding and physical execution. While vision-language-action (VLA)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Rongfeng Zhao , Xuanhao Zhang , Zhaochen Guo , Xiang Shao , Zhongpan Zhu , Bin He , Jie Chen

Recent advances in Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have enabled robotic agents to integrate multimodal understanding with action execution. However, our empirical analysis reveals that current VLAs struggle to allocate visual attention…

While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable performance, their Euclidean embeddings remain limited in capturing hierarchical relationships such as part-to-whole or parent-child structures, and often face challenges in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Hayeon Kim , Ji Ha Jang , Junghun James Kim , Se Young Chun

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a generalist robotic agent. However, existing VLAs are hindered by excessive parameter scales, prohibitive pre-training requirements, and limited applicability to diverse embodiments. To…

Vision-language models (VLMs) are essential to Embodied AI, enabling robots to perceive, reason, and act in complex environments. They also serve as the foundation for the recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models. Yet most evaluations of…

Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) represent a significant frontier in embodied intelligence, aiming to bridge digital knowledge with physical-world interaction. Despite their remarkable performance, foundational VLAs are hindered by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhaoshu Yu , Bo Wang , Pengpeng Zeng , Haonan Zhang , Ji Zhang , Zheng Wang , Lianli Gao , Jingkuan Song , Nicu Sebe , Heng Tao Shen

Vision-language-action (VLA) models finetuned from vision-language models (VLMs) hold the promise of leveraging rich pretrained representations to build generalist robots across diverse tasks and environments. However, direct fine-tuning on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Shresth Grover , Akshay Gopalkrishnan , Bo Ai , Henrik I. Christensen , Hao Su , Xuanlin Li

In recent years, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in tasks like visual question answering and common sense reasoning, while visual perception models have made significant strides in perception…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Guanqun Wang , Xinyu Wei , Jiaming Liu , Ray Zhang , Yichi Zhang , Kevin Zhang , Maurice Chong , Shanghang Zhang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for robotic manipulation, in which reliable action prediction critically depends on accurately interpreting and integrating visual observations conditioned on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yulin Luo , Hao Chen , Zhuangzhe Wu , Bowen Sui , Jiaming Liu , Chenyang Gu , Zhuoyang Liu , Qiuxuan Feng , Jiale Yu , Shuo Gu , Peng Jia , Pheng-Ann Heng , Shanghang Zhang

Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) have recently demonstrated remarkable progress in embodied environments, enabling robots to perceive, reason, and act through unified multimodal understanding. Despite their impressive capabilities, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Yuping Yan , Yuhan Xie , Yixin Zhang , Lingjuan Lyu , Handing Wang , Yaochu Jin

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across a range of tasks that integrate visual and textual understanding, such as image captioning and visual question answering. These models are trained on large-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Xiaomei Zhang , Hanyu Zheng , Xiangyu Zhu , Jinghuan Wei , Junhong Zou , Zhen Lei , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Prevailing Vision-Language-Action Models (VLAs) for robotic manipulation are built upon vision-language backbones pretrained on large-scale, but disconnected static web data. As a result, despite improved semantic generalization, the policy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Jonas Pai , Liam Achenbach , Victoriano Montesinos , Benedek Forrai , Oier Mees , Elvis Nava

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models drive next-generation autonomous systems, but training them requires scalable, high-quality annotations from complex environments. Current cloud pipelines rely on generic vision-language models (VLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Kangan Qian , ChuChu Xie , Yang Zhong , Jingrui Pang , Siwen Jiao , Sicong Jiang , Zilin Huang , Yunlong Wang , Kun Jiang , Mengmeng Yang , Hao Ye , Guanghao Zhang , Hangjun Ye , Guang Chen , Long Chen , Diange Yang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models typically bridge the gap between perceptual and action spaces by pre-training a large-scale Vision-Language Model (VLM) on robotic data. While this approach greatly enhances performance, it also incurs…

Autonomous driving has long relied on modular "Perception-Decision-Action" pipelines, where hand-crafted interfaces and rule-based components often break down in complex or long-tailed scenarios. Their cascaded design further propagates…

Data representation in non-Euclidean spaces has proven effective for capturing hierarchical and complex relationships in real-world datasets. Hyperbolic spaces, in particular, provide efficient embeddings for hierarchical structures. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Jacob Fein-Ashley , Ethan Feng , Minh Pham

Understanding how Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models transform multimodal knowledge into embodied control remains an open challenge. We present VLA-Trace, a progressive diagnostic framework that analyzes VLA models through a unified…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Haoyuan Shi , Xiancong Ren , Yingji Zhang , Qinfan Zhang , Jiayu Hu , Haozhe Shan , Han Dong , Jinpeng Lu , Yinda Chen , Yi Zhang , Yong Dai , Xiaozhu Ju

We present OpenDriveVLA, a Vision Language Action model designed for end-to-end autonomous driving, built upon open-source large language models. OpenDriveVLA generates spatially grounded driving actions by leveraging multimodal inputs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Xingcheng Zhou , Xuyuan Han , Feng Yang , Yunpu Ma , Volker Tresp , Alois Knoll

Vision-language-action (VLA) models represent a promising direction for developing general-purpose robotic systems, demonstrating the ability to combine visual understanding, language comprehension, and action generation. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Pranav Guruprasad , Harshvardhan Sikka , Jaewoo Song , Yangyue Wang , Paul Pu Liang
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