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Data centers are growing rapidly, creating the pressing need for the development of critical infrastructure build out to support these resource-intensive large loads. Their immense consumption of electricity and, often, freshwater,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Maria Vabson , Muhy Eddin Zater , Amir Sajadi , Kyri Baker , Bri-Mathias Hodge

The rapid growth of data centers driven by cloud computing and artificial intelligence is reshaping infrastructure planning and environmental governance in the United States. Georgia has emerged as a major market for data center…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Mickey M. Rogers , William M. Ota , Nathaniel Burola , Tepring Piquado

Data centers are facilities housing computing infrastructure for processing and storing digital information. The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence is driving unprecedented growth in data center capacity, with global electricity…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-30 Haoxiang Wan , Linhan Fang , Xingpeng Li

The accelerating expansion of AI workloads is colliding with an energy landscape increasingly dominated by intermittent renewable generation. While vast quantities of zero-carbon energy are routinely curtailed, today's centralized…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Giuseppe Tomei , Andrea Mayer , Giuseppe Alcini , Stefano Salsano

The rapid rise of generative artificial intelligence (AI) is driving unprecedented growth in global computational demand, placing increasing pressure on electricity systems. This study introduces an AI-energy coupling framework that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Danbo Chen , Zijun Zhou , Yongyang Cai , Jiahong Qin , Ani Katchova , Lei Chen

Artificial intelligence is projected to increase U.S. data centre power demand beyond 100 gigawatt by 2035 and global demand toward 1 terrawatt. In response, companies and governments have proposed placing computing infrastructure in…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-01 Geoffrey W. Marcy

Terrestrial data centers suffer from a growing carbon footprint that could contribute with $14\%$ to global CO2 emissions by 2040. High Altitude Platform (HAP) is a promising airborne technology that can unleash the computing frontier in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-09 Wiem Abderrahim , Osama Amin , Basem Shihada

The rapid growth of AI, data-intensive science, and digital twin technologies has driven an unprecedented demand for high-performance computing (HPC) across the research ecosystem. While national laboratories and industrial hyperscalers…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Peng Shu , Junhao Chen , Zhengliang Liu , Huaqin Zhao , Xinliang Li , Tianming Liu

Global digitalization has given birth to the explosion of digital services in approximately every sector of contemporary life. Applications of artificial intelligence, blockchain technologies, and internet of things are promising to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Nuoa Lei

Major cloud providers such as Microsoft, Google, Facebook and Amazon rely heavily on datacenters to support the ever-increasing demand for their computational and application services. However, the financial and carbon footprint related…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-05-07 Rajkumar Buyya , Sukhpal Singh Gill

Information technology organizations and companies are seeking greener alternatives to traditional terrestrial data centers to mitigate global warming and reduce carbon emissions. Currently, terrestrial data centers consume a significant…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-19 Wiem Abderrahim , Osama Amin , Basem Shihada

At present, a major concern regarding data centers is their extremely high energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. However, because of the over-provisioning of resources, the utilization of existing data centers is, in fact,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-08-03 Xibo Jin , Fa Zhang , Athanasios V. Vasilakos , Zhiyong Liu

Demand for AI accelerators is rapidly increasing rack power density, with projections approaching 1MW per deployment by 2027. This poses a major challenge for datacenter power delivery designers. As power densities increase, a datacenter…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Grant Wilkins , Fiodar Kazhamiaka , Alok Gautam Kumbhare , Chaojie Zhang , Ricardo Bianchini

The steady growth of artificial intelligence (AI) has accelerated in the recent years, facilitated by the development of sophisticated models such as large language models and foundation models. Ensuring robust and reliable power…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Andrea Marinoni , Sai Shivareddy , Pietro Lio' , Weisi Lin , Erik Cambria , Clare Grey

The unprecedented rapid growth of computing demand for AI is projected to increase global annual datacenter (DC) growth from 7.2% to 11.3%. We project the 5-year AI DC demand for several power grids and assess whether they will allow…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Liuzixuan Lin , Rajini Wijayawardana , Varsha Rao , Hai Nguyen , Wedan Emmanuel Gnibga , Andrew A. Chien

The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence has significantly increased the electricity, water, and carbon demands of modern data centers, raising sustainability concerns. This study evaluates the environmental footprint of AI server…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Aadi Patel , Nikhil Mahalingam , Rusheen Patel

Cloud platforms' growing energy demand and carbon emissions are raising concern about their environmental sustainability. The current approach to enabling sustainable clouds focuses on improving energy-efficiency and purchasing carbon…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Noman Bashir , Tian Guo , Mohammad Hajiesmaili , David Irwin , Prashant Shenoy , Ramesh Sitaraman , Abel Souza , Adam Wierman

This report characterizes the data center industry and its importance for AI development. Data centers are industrial facilities that efficiently provide compute at scale and thus constitute the engine rooms of today's digital economy. As…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Konstantin Pilz , Lennart Heim

The rapid proliferation of data centers in the US - driven partly by the adoption of artificial intelligence - has set off alarm bells about the industry's environmental impact. We compiled detailed information on 2,132 US data centers…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Gianluca Guidi , Francesca Dominici , Jonathan Gilmour , Kevin Butler , Eric Bell , Scott Delaney , Falco J. Bargagli-Stoffi

Previous literature has proposed that the companies operating data centers enforce government regulations on AI companies. Using a new dataset of 775 non-U.S. data center projects, this paper estimates how often data centers could be…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Aris Richardson , Haley Yi , Michelle Nie , Simon Wisdom , Casey Price , Ruben Weijers , Steven Veld , Mauricio Baker
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