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Recent advances in large language models have enabled LLM-based agents to achieve strong performance on a variety of benchmarks. However, their performance in real-world deployments often that observed on benchmark settings, especially in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Ruipeng Wang , Yuxin Chen , Yukai Wang , Chang Wu , Junfeng Fang , Xiaodong Cai , Qi Gu , Hui Su , An Zhang , Xiang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Tat-Seng Chua

Recently, autonomous agents built on large language models (LLMs) have experienced significant development and are being deployed in real-world applications. These agents can extend the base LLM's capabilities in multiple ways. For example,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Boyang Zhang , Yicong Tan , Yun Shen , Ahmed Salem , Michael Backes , Savvas Zannettou , Yang Zhang

Large language model (LLM)-based agents increasingly rely on tool use to complete real-world tasks. While existing works evaluate the LLMs' tool use capability, they largely focus on the final answers yet overlook the detailed tool usage…

Spoken Dialogue Models (SDMs) have advanced rapidly, yet their ability to sustain genuinely interactive multi-turn conversations remains underexplored, as most benchmarks focus on single-turn exchanges. We introduce Multi-Bench, the first…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Yayue Deng , Guoqiang Hu , Haiyang Sun , Xiangyu Zhang , Haoyang Zhang , Fei Tian , Xuerui Yang , Gang Yu , Eng Siong Chng

LLM agents are increasingly deployed as executable systems that use tools, modify workspaces, and produce concrete artifacts. In such workflows, performance depends not only on the base model, but also on the harness: the system layer that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yilun Yao , Xinyu Tan , Chao-Hsuan Liu , Yaoming Li , Zhengyang Wang , Wenhan Yu , Zhewen Tan , Yuxuan Tian , Guangxiang Zhao , Lin Sun , Xiangzheng Zhang , Tong Yang

Large language model (LLM) simulations of human behavior have the potential to revolutionize the social and behavioral sciences, if and only if they faithfully reflect real human behaviors. Current evaluations of simulation fidelity are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Tiancheng Hu , Joachim Baumann , Lorenzo Lupo , Nigel Collier , Dirk Hovy , Paul Röttger

Multi-agent systems powered by large language models (LLMs) are transforming enterprise automation, yet systematic evaluation methodologies for assessing tool-use reliability remain underdeveloped. We introduce a comprehensive diagnostic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Donghao Huang , Gauri Malwe , Zhaoxia Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications where users engage in extended, mixed-topic conversations that depend on prior context. Yet, their reliability under realistic multi-turn interactions remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiyoon Myung

Proactive agents that anticipate user intentions without explicit prompts represent a significant evolution in human-AI interaction, promising to reduce cognitive load and streamline workflows. However, existing datasets suffer from two…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Yuanbo Tang , Huaze Tang , Tingyu Cao , Lam Nguyen , Anping Zhang , Xinwen Cao , Chunkang Liu , Wenbo Ding , Yang Li

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agents, their integration into interactive environments and tool use introduce new safety challenges beyond those associated with the models themselves. However, the absence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Zhexin Zhang , Shiyao Cui , Yida Lu , Jingzhuo Zhou , Junxiao Yang , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

The rapid evolution of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) has enabled agents to perform complex digital and physical tasks, yet their deployment as autonomous decision-makers introduces substantial unintentional behavioral safety risks.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Yuxuan Li , Yi Lin , Peng Wang , Shiming Liu , Xuetao Wei

Fulfilling user needs through Large Language Model multi-turn, multi-step tool-use is rarely a straightforward process. Real user interactions are inherently wild, being intricate, messy, and flexible. We identify three key challenges from…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Peijie Yu , Wei Liu , Yifan Yang , Jinjian Li , Zelong Zhang , Xiao Feng , Feng Zhang

We introduce SimulBench, a benchmark designed to evaluate large language models (LLMs) across a diverse collection of creative simulation scenarios, such as acting as a Linux terminal or playing text games with users. While these simulation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Qi Jia , Xiang Yue , Tianyu Zheng , Jie Huang , Bill Yuchen Lin

The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to use external tools unlocks powerful real-world interactions, making rigorous evaluation essential. However, current benchmarks primarily report final accuracy, revealing what models can do but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Qihao Wang , Yue Hu , Mingzhe Lu , Jiayue Wu , Yanbing Liu , Yuanmin Tang

Ensuring the safety and reliability of large language models (LLMs) in clinical practice is critical to prevent patient harm. However, LLMs are advancing so rapidly that static benchmarks quickly become obsolete or prone to overfitting,…

As LLM agents transition from short, static problem solving to executing complex, long-horizon tasks in dynamic environments, the ability to handle user interruptions, such as adding requirement or revising goals, during mid-task execution…

We introduce a dynamic benchmarking system for conversational agents that evaluates their performance through a single, simulated, and lengthy user$\leftrightarrow$agent interaction. The interaction is a conversation between the user and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 David Castillo-Bolado , Joseph Davidson , Finlay Gray , Marek Rosa

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed to automate productivity tasks (e.g., email, scheduling, document management), but evaluating them on live services is risky due to potentially irreversible changes. Existing…

Autonomous data analysis agents are increasingly expected to conduct exploratory analysis with limited human guidance about data. However, existing benchmarks typically evaluate such agents in prior-guided settings, providing selected data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Qiaohong Zhang , Weihao Ye , Jialong Chen , Yi Luo , BoYuan Li , Bowen Deng , Zibin Zheng , Jianhao Lin , Wei-Shi Zheng , Chuan Chen

With the rapid development of LLM-based agents, there is a growing trend to incorporate agent-specific data into the pre-training stage of LLMs, aiming to better align LLMs with real-world autonomous task execution. However, current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Jiarui Qin , Yunjia Xi , Junjie Huang , Renting Rui , Di Yin , Weiwen Liu , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang , Xing Sun