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When transferring a Deep Reinforcement Learning model from simulation to the real world, the performance could be unsatisfactory since the simulation cannot imitate the real world well in many circumstances. This results in a long period of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Wenxing Liu , Hanlin Niu , Robert Skilton , Joaquin Carrasco

Recent research looks to harness the general knowledge and reasoning of large language models (LLMs) into agents that accomplish user-specified goals in interactive environments. Vision-language models (VLMs) extend LLMs to multi-modal data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Jake Grigsby , Yuke Zhu , Michael Ryoo , Juan Carlos Niebles

Value-based reinforcement learning (RL) can in principle learn effective policies for a wide range of multi-turn problems, from games to dialogue to robotic control, including via offline RL from static previously collected datasets.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Joey Hong , Anca Dragan , Sergey Levine

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently made significant advance in multi-task, end-to-end robotic control, due to the strong generalization capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs). A fundamental challenge in developing such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yuqing Wen , Kefan Gu , Haoxuan Liu , Yucheng Zhao , Tiancai Wang , Haoqiang Fan , Xiaoyan Sun

Reinforcement learning is considered as a promising direction for driving policy learning. However, training autonomous driving vehicle with reinforcement learning in real environment involves non-affordable trial-and-error. It is more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-09-27 Xinlei Pan , Yurong You , Ziyan Wang , Cewu Lu

In sim-to-real Reinforcement Learning (RL), a policy is trained in a simulated environment and then deployed on the physical system. The main challenge of sim-to-real RL is to overcome the reality gap - the discrepancies between the real…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Nghia Vuong , Quang-Cuong Pham

This work revisits the dominant supervised fine-tuning (SFT) then reinforcement learning (RL) paradigm for training Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), and reveals a key finding: SFT can significantly undermine subsequent RL by inducing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Hardy Chen , Haoqin Tu , Fali Wang , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Xinya Du , Yuyin Zhou , Cihang Xie

The performance of learned robot visuomotor policies is heavily dependent on the size and quality of the training dataset. Although large-scale robot and human datasets are increasingly available, embodiment gaps and mismatched action…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yiqi Wang , Mrinal Verghese , Jeff Schneider

Current control algorithms for aerial robots struggle with robustness in dynamic environments and adverse conditions. Model-based reinforcement learning (RL) has shown strong potential in handling these challenges while remaining…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Eashan Vytla , Bhavanishankar Kalavakolanu , Andrew Perrault , Matthew McCrink

Pre-trained Large Language Model (LLM) exhibits broad capabilities, yet, for specific tasks or domains their attainment of higher accuracy and more reliable reasoning generally depends on post-training through Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Haitao Jiang , Wenbo Zhang , Jiarui Yao , Hengrui Cai , Sheng Wang , Rui Song

Reinforcement Learning (RL) training is predominantly conducted in cost-effective and controlled simulation environments. However, the transfer of these trained models to real-world tasks often presents unavoidable challenges. This research…

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has proven a powerful technique in many sequential decision making domains. However, Robotics poses many challenges for RL, most notably training on a physical system can be expensive and dangerous, which…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-10-19 Lerrel Pinto , Marcin Andrychowicz , Peter Welinder , Wojciech Zaremba , Pieter Abbeel

Recent high-capacity vision-language-action (VLA) models have demonstrated impressive performance on a range of robotic manipulation tasks by imitating human demonstrations. However, exploiting offline data with limited visited states will…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Guanxing Lu , Wenkai Guo , Chubin Zhang , Yuheng Zhou , Haonan Jiang , Zifeng Gao , Yansong Tang , Ziwei Wang

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) reasoning have been largely attributed to the rise of reinforcement Learning (RL), which has shifted the community's focus away from the supervised fine-tuning (SFT) paradigm. Many studies…

Robotic insertion tasks are characterized by contact and friction mechanics, making them challenging for conventional feedback control methods due to unmodeled physical effects. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Gerrit Schoettler , Ashvin Nair , Juan Aparicio Ojea , Sergey Levine , Eugen Solowjow

Standard vision-language-action (VLA) models rely on fitting statistical data priors, limiting their robust understanding of underlying physical dynamics. Reinforcement learning enhances physical grounding through exploration yet typically…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Chenyv Liu , Wentao Tan , Lei Zhu , Fengling Li , Jingjing Li , Guoli Yang , Heng Tao Shen

We consider real-world reinforcement learning (RL) of robotic manipulation tasks that involve both visuomotor skills and contact-rich skills. We aim to train a policy that maps multimodal sensory observations (vision and force) to a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Jun Jin , Daniel Graves , Cameron Haigh , Jun Luo , Martin Jagersand

Generalist robot policies, trained on large and diverse datasets, have demonstrated the ability to generalize across a wide spectrum of behaviors, enabling a single policy to act in varied real-world environments. However, they still fall…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yajat Yadav , Zhiyuan Zhou , Andrew Wagenmaker , Karl Pertsch , Sergey Levine

Skill-based reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising strategy to leverage prior knowledge for accelerated robot learning. Skills are typically extracted from expert demonstrations and are embedded into a latent space from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Krishan Rana , Ming Xu , Brendan Tidd , Michael Milford , Niko Sünderhauf

Natural language can offer a concise and human-interpretable means of specifying reinforcement learning (RL) tasks. The ability to extract rewards from a language instruction can enable the development of robotic systems that can learn from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Alexey Zakharov , Shimon Whiteson
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