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Virtual character animation control is a problem for which Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a viable approach. While current work have applied RL effectively to portray physics-based skills, social behaviours are challenging to design reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Vihanga Gamage , Cathy Ennis , Robert Ross

Recent advances in behavior cloning (BC) have enabled impressive visuomotor control policies. However, these approaches are limited by the quality of human demonstrations, the manual effort required for data collection, and the diminishing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Lars Ankile , Zhenyu Jiang , Rocky Duan , Guanya Shi , Pieter Abbeel , Anusha Nagabandi

With the increasing presence of robots in our every-day environments, improving their social skills is of utmost importance. Nonetheless, social robotics still faces many challenges. One bottleneck is that robotic behaviors need to be often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Anand Ballou , Xavier Alameda-Pineda , Chris Reinke

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising approach for autonomously acquiring complex behaviors from low level sensor observations. Although a large portion of deep RL research has focused on applications in video games…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Julian Ibarz , Jie Tan , Chelsea Finn , Mrinal Kalakrishnan , Peter Pastor , Sergey Levine

Simulation-based reinforcement learning (RL) has significantly advanced humanoid locomotion tasks, yet direct real-world RL from scratch or adapting from pretrained policies remains rare, limiting the full potential of humanoid robots.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Kaizhe Hu , Haochen Shi , Yao He , Weizhuo Wang , C. Karen Liu , Shuran Song

Reinforcement learning (RL) promises to unlock capabilities beyond imitation learning for Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, but its requirement for massive real-world interaction prevents direct deployment on physical robots. Recent work…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown strong potential for general-purpose robotic manipulation, but their reliance on expert demonstrations limits their ability to learn from failures and perform self-corrections. Reinforcement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Fangqi Zhu , Zhengyang Yan , Zicong Hong , Quanxin Shou , Xiao Ma , Song Guo

Vision-language-action (VLA) models demonstrate strong generalization in robotic manipulation but face challenges in complex, real-world tasks. While supervised fine-tuning with demonstrations is constrained by data quality, reinforcement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Piaopiao Jin , Qi Wang , Guokang Sun , Ziwen Cai , Pinjia He , Yangwei You

Robotic real-world reinforcement learning (RL) with vision-language-action (VLA) models is bottlenecked by sparse, handcrafted rewards and inefficient exploration. We introduce VLAC, a general process reward model built upon InternVL and…

One of the great promises of robot learning systems is that they will be able to learn from their mistakes and continuously adapt to ever-changing environments. Despite this potential, most of the robot learning systems today are deployed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Ryan Julian , Benjamin Swanson , Gaurav S. Sukhatme , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn , Karol Hausman

Robot assistants for older adults and people with disabilities need to interact with their users in collaborative tasks. The core component of these systems is an interaction manager whose job is to observe and assess the task, and infer…

Evaluating robot control policies is difficult: real-world testing is costly, and handcrafted simulators require manual effort to improve in realism and generality. We propose a world-model-based policy evaluation environment (WorldGym), an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Julian Quevedo , Ansh Kumar Sharma , Yixiang Sun , Varad Suryavanshi , Percy Liang , Sherry Yang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown a strong capability in enabling robots to execute general instructions, yet they struggle with contact-rich manipulation tasks, where success requires precise alignment, stable contact…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Yike Zhang , Yaonan Wang , Xinxin Sun , Kaizhen Huang , Zhiyuan Xu , Junjie Ji , Zhengping Che , Jian Tang , Jingtao Sun

Robot action planning in the real world is challenging as it requires not only understanding the current state of the environment but also predicting how it will evolve in response to actions. Vision-language-action (VLA), which repurpose…

Applying Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to complex tasks in the field of robotics has proven to be very successful in the recent years. However, most of the publications focus either on applying it to a task in simulation or to a task in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Matteo Lucchi , Friedemann Zindler , Stephan Mühlbacher-Karrer , Horst Pichler

Large Vision-Language Action (VLA) models have shown significant potential for embodied AI. However, their predominant training via supervised fine-tuning (SFT) limits generalization due to susceptibility to compounding errors under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Jijia Liu , Feng Gao , Bingwen Wei , Xinlei Chen , Qingmin Liao , Yi Wu , Chao Yu , Yu Wang

Pretraining reinforcement learning (RL) models on offline datasets is a promising way to improve their training efficiency in online tasks, but challenging due to the inherent mismatch in dynamics and behaviors across various tasks. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Minting Pan , Yitao Zheng , Yunbo Wang , Xiaokang Yang

Generalist robot policies can now perform a wide range of manipulation skills, but evaluating and improving their ability with unfamiliar objects and instructions remains a significant challenge. Rigorous evaluation requires a large number…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yanjiang Guo , Lucy Xiaoyang Shi , Jianyu Chen , Chelsea Finn

Reinforcement Learning (RL) plays an important role in the robotic manipulation domain since it allows self-learning from trial-and-error interactions with the environment. Still, sample efficiency and reward specification seriously limit…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Kun Chu , Xufeng Zhao , Cornelius Weber , Mengdi Li , Stefan Wermter

Robotic systems driven by artificial muscles present unique challenges due to the nonlinear dynamics of actuators and the complex designs of mechanical structures. Traditional model-based controllers often struggle to achieve desired…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Jiyue Tao , Yunsong Zhang , Sunil Kumar Rajendran , Feitian Zhang