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Creating meaningful visual narratives through human-AI collaboration requires understanding how text-image intertextuality emerges when textual intentions meet AI-generated visuals. We conducted a three-phase qualitative study with 15…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Mengyao Guo , Kexin Nie , Ze Gao , Black Sun , Xueyang Wang , Jinda Han , Xingting Wu

Predicting program behavior and reasoning about code execution remain significant challenges in software engineering, particularly for large language models (LLMs) designed for code analysis. While these models excel at understanding static…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Cuong Chi Le , Hoang-Chau Truong-Vinh , Huy Nhat Phan , Dung Duy Le , Tien N. Nguyen , Nghi D. Q. Bui

Visual reasoning tasks such as visual question answering (VQA) require an interplay of visual perception with reasoning about the question semantics grounded in perception. However, recent advances in this area are still primarily driven by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Saeed Amizadeh , Hamid Palangi , Oleksandr Polozov , Yichen Huang , Kazuhito Koishida

Humans have long relied on visual aids like sketches and diagrams to support reasoning and problem-solving. Visual tools, like auxiliary lines in geometry or graphs in calculus, are essential for understanding complex ideas. However, many…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Steven-Shine Chen , Jimin Lee , Paul Pu Liang

The dual thinking framework considers fast, intuitive, and slower logical processing. The perception of dual thinking in vision requires images where inferences from intuitive and logical processing differ, and the latter is under-explored…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Kailas Dayanandan , Nikhil Kumar , Anand Sinha , Brejesh Lall

Aligning machine representations with human understanding is key to improving interpretability of machine learning (ML) models. When classifying a new image, humans often explain their decisions by decomposing the image into concepts and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Sarath Sivaprasad , Dmitry Kangin , Plamen Angelov , Mario Fritz

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) emphasize long chain-of-thought reasoning; yet, we find that their performance on visual tasks is primarily limited by a lack of visual perception as opposed to reasoning itself. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Juncheng Wu , Hardy Chen , Haoqin Tu , Xianfeng Tang , Freda Shi , Hui Liu , Hanqing Lu , Cihang Xie , Yuyin Zhou

Recent video generation models can produce smooth and visually appealing clips, but they often struggle to synthesize complex dynamics with a coherent chain of consequences. Accurately modeling visual outcomes and state transitions over…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Ziqi Huang , Ning Yu , Gordon Chen , Haonan Qiu , Paul Debevec , Ziwei Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success across a wide range of tasks; however, they still encounter challenges in reasoning tasks that require understanding and inferring relationships between distinct pieces of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Haoyu Han , Yaochen Xie , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Sreyashi Nag , William Headden , Hui Liu , Yang Li , Chen Luo , Shuiwang Ji , Qi He , Jiliang Tang

Multi-modal visual understanding of images with prompts involves using various visual and textual cues to enhance the semantic understanding of images. This approach combines both vision and language processing to generate more accurate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Yuzhou Peng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated effectiveness not only in language tasks but also in video reasoning. This paper introduces a novel dataset, Tropes in Movies (TiM), designed as a testbed for exploring two critical yet…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Hung-Ting Su , Chun-Tong Chao , Ya-Ching Hsu , Xudong Lin , Yulei Niu , Hung-Yi Lee , Winston H. Hsu

Recently, large language models have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities through long-chain reasoning before responding. However, how to extend this capability to visual reasoning tasks remains an open challenge. Existing multimodal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Caijun Jia , Nan Xu , Jingxuan Wei , Qingli Wang , Lei Wang , Bihui Yu , Junnan Zhu

Thought experiments are considered valuable tools in science, enabling the exploration of hypotheses and the examination of complex ideas in a conceptual, non-empirical framework. These thought experiments can be useful in design fiction…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Swaroop Panda

Despite progress in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), their capacity for visual reasoning is often limited by the binding problem: the failure to reliably associate perceptual features with their correct visual referents. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Amirmohammad Izadi , Mohammad Ali Banayeeanzade , Fatemeh Askari , Ali Rahimiakbar , Mohammad Mahdi Vahedi , Hosein Hasani , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah

A large amount of research about multimodal inference across text and vision has been recently developed to obtain visually grounded word and sentence representations. In this paper, we use logic-based representations as unified meaning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Riko Suzuki , Hitomi Yanaka , Masashi Yoshikawa , Koji Mineshima , Daisuke Bekki

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown remarkable progress in visual understanding in recent years. Yet, they still lag behind human capabilities in specific visual tasks such as counting or relational reasoning. To understand the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Zihan Weng , Lucas Gomez , Taylor Whittington Webb , Pouya Bashivan

The concept of metaphor, in particular graphical (or visual) metaphor, is central to the field of information visualization. Information graphics and interactive information visualization systems employ a variety of metaphorical devices to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2009-09-29 John S. Risch

Visual Language Models (VLMs) are powerful generative tools but often produce factually inaccurate outputs due to a lack of robust reasoning capabilities. While extensive research has been conducted on integrating external knowledge for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Shamima Hossain

Interpreting figurative language such as sarcasm across multi-modal inputs presents unique challenges, often requiring task-specific fine-tuning and extensive reasoning steps. However, current Chain-of-Thought approaches do not efficiently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Aashish Anantha Ramakrishnan , Aadarsh Anantha Ramakrishnan , Dongwon Lee

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have showcased exceptional Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning ability in complex textual inference tasks including causal reasoning. However, will these causalities remain straightforward when crucial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Zhiyuan Li , Heng Wang , Dongnan Liu , Chaoyi Zhang , Ao Ma , Jieting Long , Weidong Cai